googleapis
diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/_helpers.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/_helpers.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import re
-import six
 
 from google.cloud._helpers import UTC
 from google.cloud._helpers import _date_from_iso8601_date
@@ -451,7 +450,7 @@ def _record_field_to_json(fields, row_value):
         for field_name in not_processed:
             value = row_value[field_name]
             if value is not None:
-                record[field_name] = six.text_type(value)
+                record[field_name] = str(value)
 
     return record
 

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/_pandas_helpers.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/_pandas_helpers.py
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@
 import concurrent.futures
 import functools
 import logging
+import queue
 import warnings
 
-import six
-from six.moves import queue
 
 try:
     import pandas
@@ -738,7 +737,7 @@ def download_dataframe_bqstorage(
 def dataframe_to_json_generator(dataframe):
     for row in dataframe.itertuples(index=False, name=None):
         output = {}
-        for column, value in six.moves.zip(dataframe.columns, row):
+        for column, value in zip(dataframe.columns, row):
             # Omit NaN values.
             if value != value:
                 continue

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/client.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/client.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
     import pyarrow
 except ImportError:  # pragma: NO COVER
     pyarrow = None
-import six
 
 from google import resumable_media
 from google.resumable_media.requests import MultipartUpload
@@ -2017,7 +2016,7 @@ def load_table_from_uri(
 
         job_ref = job._JobReference(job_id, project=project, location=location)
 
-        if isinstance(source_uris, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(source_uris, str):
             source_uris = [source_uris]
 
         destination = _table_arg_to_table_ref(destination, default_project=self.project)
@@ -2779,7 +2778,7 @@ def extract_table(
                 )
             )
 
-        if isinstance(destination_uris, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(destination_uris, str):
             destination_uris = [destination_uris]
 
         if job_config:

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/dataset.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/dataset.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
-import six
 import copy
 
 import google.cloud._helpers
@@ -260,9 +259,9 @@ class DatasetReference(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, project, dataset_id):
-        if not isinstance(project, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(project, str):
             raise ValueError("Pass a string for project")
-        if not isinstance(dataset_id, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(dataset_id, str):
             raise ValueError("Pass a string for dataset_id")
         self._project = project
         self._dataset_id = dataset_id
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ class Dataset(object):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, dataset_ref):
-        if isinstance(dataset_ref, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(dataset_ref, str):
             dataset_ref = DatasetReference.from_string(dataset_ref)
         self._properties = {"datasetReference": dataset_ref.to_api_repr(), "labels": {}}
 
@@ -544,7 +543,7 @@ def default_table_expiration_ms(self):
 
     @default_table_expiration_ms.setter
     def default_table_expiration_ms(self, value):
-        if not isinstance(value, six.integer_types) and value is not None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not None:
             raise ValueError("Pass an integer, or None")
         self._properties["defaultTableExpirationMs"] = _helpers._str_or_none(value)
 
@@ -560,7 +559,7 @@ def description(self):
 
     @description.setter
     def description(self, value):
-        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value is not None:
+        if not isinstance(value, str) and value is not None:
             raise ValueError("Pass a string, or None")
         self._properties["description"] = value
 
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@ def friendly_name(self):
 
     @friendly_name.setter
     def friendly_name(self, value):
-        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value is not None:
+        if not isinstance(value, str) and value is not None:
             raise ValueError("Pass a string, or None")
         self._properties["friendlyName"] = value
 
@@ -592,7 +591,7 @@ def location(self):
 
     @location.setter
     def location(self, value):
-        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value is not None:
+        if not isinstance(value, str) and value is not None:
             raise ValueError("Pass a string, or None")
         self._properties["location"] = value
 

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/dbapi/_helpers.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/dbapi/_helpers.py
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 import functools
 import numbers
 
-import six
-
 from google.cloud import bigquery
 from google.cloud.bigquery import table
 from google.cloud.bigquery.dbapi import exceptions
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ def to_query_parameters_dict(parameters):
     """
     result = []
 
-    for name, value in six.iteritems(parameters):
+    for name, value in parameters.items():
         if isinstance(value, collections_abc.Mapping):
             raise NotImplementedError(
                 "STRUCT-like parameter values are not supported "
@@ -187,9 +185,9 @@ def bigquery_scalar_type(value):
         return "FLOAT64"
     elif isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
         return "NUMERIC"
-    elif isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+    elif isinstance(value, str):
         return "STRING"
-    elif isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
         return "BYTES"
     elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
         return "DATETIME" if value.tzinfo is None else "TIMESTAMP"
@@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ def array_like(value):
         bool: ``True`` if the value is considered array-like, ``False`` otherwise.
     """
     return isinstance(value, collections_abc.Sequence) and not isinstance(
-        value, (six.text_type, six.binary_type, bytearray)
+        value, (str, bytes, bytearray)
     )
 
 

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/dbapi/cursor.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/dbapi/cursor.py
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 import copy
 import logging
 
-import six
-
 from google.cloud.bigquery import job
 from google.cloud.bigquery.dbapi import _helpers
 from google.cloud.bigquery.dbapi import exceptions
@@ -289,7 +287,7 @@ def fetchone(self):
         """
         self._try_fetch()
         try:
-            return six.next(self._query_data)
+            return next(self._query_data)
         except StopIteration:
             return None
 

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/enums.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/enums.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import re
 
 import enum
-import six
+import itertools
 
 from google.cloud.bigquery_v2 import types as gapic_types
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def _make_sql_scalars_enum():
     )
 
     new_doc = "\n".join(
-        six.moves.filterfalse(skip_pattern.search, orig_doc.splitlines())
+        itertools.filterfalse(skip_pattern.search, orig_doc.splitlines())
     )
     new_enum.__doc__ = "An Enum of scalar SQL types.\n" + new_doc
 

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/job/base.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/job/base.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 """Base classes and helpers for job classes."""
 
 import copy
+import http
 import threading
 
 from google.api_core import exceptions
 import google.api_core.future.polling
-from six.moves import http_client
 
 from google.cloud.bigquery import _helpers
 from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY
@@ -28,24 +28,24 @@
 _DONE_STATE = "DONE"
 _STOPPED_REASON = "stopped"
 _ERROR_REASON_TO_EXCEPTION = {
-    "accessDenied": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "backendError": http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-    "billingNotEnabled": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "billingTierLimitExceeded": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-    "blocked": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "duplicate": http_client.CONFLICT,
-    "internalError": http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-    "invalid": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-    "invalidQuery": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-    "notFound": http_client.NOT_FOUND,
-    "notImplemented": http_client.NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
-    "quotaExceeded": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "rateLimitExceeded": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "resourceInUse": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-    "resourcesExceeded": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-    "responseTooLarge": http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-    "stopped": http_client.OK,
-    "tableUnavailable": http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "accessDenied": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "backendError": http.client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+    "billingNotEnabled": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "billingTierLimitExceeded": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "blocked": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "duplicate": http.client.CONFLICT,
+    "internalError": http.client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+    "invalid": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "invalidQuery": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "notFound": http.client.NOT_FOUND,
+    "notImplemented": http.client.NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
+    "quotaExceeded": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "rateLimitExceeded": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "resourceInUse": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "resourcesExceeded": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
+    "responseTooLarge": http.client.FORBIDDEN,
+    "stopped": http.client.OK,
+    "tableUnavailable": http.client.BAD_REQUEST,
 }
 
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _error_result_to_exception(error_result):
     """
     reason = error_result.get("reason")
     status_code = _ERROR_REASON_TO_EXCEPTION.get(
-        reason, http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+        reason, http.client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
     )
     return exceptions.from_http_status(
         status_code, error_result.get("message", ""), errors=[error_result]

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/job/query.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/job/query.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 from google.api_core import exceptions
 import requests
-import six
 
 from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import Dataset
 from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetListItem
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ def default_dataset(self, value):
             self._set_sub_prop("defaultDataset", None)
             return
 
-        if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             value = DatasetReference.from_string(value)
 
         if isinstance(value, (Dataset, DatasetListItem)):
@@ -1168,7 +1167,7 @@ def result(
             exc.query_job = self
             raise
         except requests.exceptions.Timeout as exc:
-            six.raise_from(concurrent.futures.TimeoutError, exc)
+            raise concurrent.futures.TimeoutError from exc
 
         # If the query job is complete but there are no query results, this was
         # special job, such as a DDL query. Return an empty result set to

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/magics/magics.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/magics/magics.py
@@ -153,8 +153,6 @@
 except ImportError:  # pragma: NO COVER
     raise ImportError("This module can only be loaded in IPython.")
 
-import six
-
 from google.api_core import client_info
 from google.api_core import client_options
 from google.api_core.exceptions import NotFound
@@ -577,16 +575,16 @@ def _cell_magic(line, query):
             "--params is not a correctly formatted JSON string or a JSON "
             "serializable dictionary"
         )
-        six.raise_from(rebranded_error, exc)
+        raise rebranded_error from exc
     except lap.exceptions.DuplicateQueryParamsError as exc:
         rebranded_error = ValueError("Duplicate --params option.")
-        six.raise_from(rebranded_error, exc)
+        raise rebranded_error from exc
     except lap.exceptions.ParseError as exc:
         rebranded_error = ValueError(
             "Unrecognized input, are option values correct? "
             "Error details: {}".format(exc.args[0])
         )
-        six.raise_from(rebranded_error, exc)
+        raise rebranded_error from exc
 
     args = magic_arguments.parse_argstring(_cell_magic, rest_of_args)
 
@@ -768,15 +766,15 @@ def _make_bqstorage_client(use_bqstorage_api, credentials, client_options):
             "to use it. Alternatively, use the classic REST API by specifying "
             "the --use_rest_api magic option."
         )
-        six.raise_from(customized_error, err)
+        raise customized_error from err
 
     try:
         from google.api_core.gapic_v1 import client_info as gapic_client_info
     except ImportError as err:
         customized_error = ImportError(
             "Install the grpcio package to use the BigQuery Storage API."
         )
-        six.raise_from(customized_error, err)
+        raise customized_error from err
 
     return bigquery_storage.BigQueryReadClient(
         credentials=credentials,

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/model.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/model.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import copy
 
 from google.protobuf import json_format
-import six
 
 import google.cloud._helpers
 from google.api_core import datetime_helpers
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ def __init__(self, model_ref):
         # buffer classes do not.
         self._properties = {}
 
-        if isinstance(model_ref, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(model_ref, str):
             model_ref = ModelReference.from_string(model_ref)
 
         if model_ref:
@@ -455,7 +454,7 @@ def _model_arg_to_model_ref(value, default_project=None):
 
     This function keeps ModelReference and other kinds of objects unchanged.
     """
-    if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+    if isinstance(value, str):
         return ModelReference.from_string(value, default_project=default_project)
     if isinstance(value, Model):
         return value.reference

diff --git a/google/cloud/bigquery/routine.py b/google/cloud/bigquery/routine.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 """Define resources for the BigQuery Routines API."""
 
 from google.protobuf import json_format
-import six
 
 import google.cloud._helpers
 from google.cloud.bigquery import _helpers
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ class Routine(object):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, routine_ref, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(routine_ref, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(routine_ref, str):
             routine_ref = RoutineReference.from_string(routine_ref)
 
         self._properties = {"routineReference": routine_ref.to_api_repr()}