Follow-up to #389, which made loading lazy for the registry the builder constructs. This does the same for one the caller supplies.

The gap

setLazyLoading() defaults to true, but it never applied to a registry passed through setRegistry(). resolve() ran the chain loader itself and set $eagerlyLoaded = true, because the builder could not hand a loader to an instance it did not construct.

Two consequences under a persistent runtime (FrankenPHP worker mode, Laravel Octane):

1. The loaders run once, at build. If a source is not ready yet — a cold metadata cache — the registry is frozen empty for the whole process and tools/list keeps returning [].
2. detectCapabilities() takes the $eagerlyLoaded === true branch and reads hasTools() off that cold registry, so the server can advertise tools: false. A client that respects capabilities then never calls tools/list at all, which the first point alone would not cause.

Not hypothetical: symfony/mcp-bundle registers its registry as a Registry service and calls setRegistry() on it, and API Platform does the same on its Laravel side. Every consumer that supplies its own registry service is affected, and API Platform carried a custom tools/list handler purely to work around it.

The change

Registry::deferLoadingFrom() adopts a loader after construction, so the builder can defer instead of loading eagerly and report $eagerlyLoaded = false.

It chains behind a loader the constructor took while that one is still owed its run, and replaces it once it has already run — chaining there would run it twice and discovery would rescan. Resetting loaded is what lets the adopted loader run on the next read; without it a registry that was read before build() (a warmup, a debug command, a health check) would keep the deferred loader forever unrun, which is the same cold-source bug this PR exists to fix.

Deferral is deliberately not conditional on the registry being empty. Gating it that way would mean a caller who hand-registers a single element before setRegistry() silently falls back to eager loading and gets the bug back. Instead Registry::isEmpty() — which reads the element arrays directly and so does not trigger the loader while answering — tells detectCapabilities() that a deferred registry already holds elements, and it advertises them as one more opaque source.

That over-advertises a registry holding only one kind. Per the doctrine already stated in detectCapabilities()'s docblock, over-advertising is harmless under MCP semantics, and it is already how custom loaders and discovery are treated.

Two guards remain:

• $this->lazyLoading — setLazyLoading(false) must still mean eager for a supplied registry.
• $registry instanceof Registry — a foreign RegistryInterface cannot be deferred into and keeps the eager path, as testAThirdPartyRegistryIsStillLoadedThroughThePlainLoader pins.

Notes

• RegistryInterface is untouched. Both new methods live on Registry, which is what the builder already type-checks for loadFrom(); adding them to the interface would break third-party implementations.
• Event suppression from [Server][Capability] Do not announce an externally loaded registry as changed #490 is preserved — the deferred path runs through load(), which delegates to loadFrom().
• $loader loses readonly (still private) so it can be replaced.
• No CHANGELOG.md entry, matching [Server][Capability] Do not announce an externally loaded registry as changed #490.

Tests

RegistryTest: deferLoadingFrom() does not run until the first read, runs exactly once across many reads, chains behind a constructor loader, and — the regression guard for the loaded reset — runs the adopted loader even when the constructor loader had already run. isEmpty() is true for a fresh registry without triggering a configured loader, and false after registerTool().

BuilderTest: an empty custom registry defers its loader past build() and runs it on the first read; a pre-populated one defers too; the deferred setup advertises tools: true while the loader is asserted never to run; setLazyLoading(false) still loads eagerly. testBuildAdvertisesToolsForPreloadedCustomRegistry passes unchanged.