modelcontextprotocol
diff --git a/src/mcp/shared/jsonrpc_dispatcher.py b/src/mcp/shared/jsonrpc_dispatcher.py
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ def cancelled_request_id_from_params(params: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> Reques
 class _Pending:
     """An outbound request awaiting its response."""
 
-    send: MemoryObjectSendStream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData]
-    receive: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData]
+    send: MemoryObjectSendStream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData | Exception]
+    receive: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData | Exception]
     on_progress: ProgressFnT | None = None
 
 
@@ -329,6 +329,8 @@ async def send_raw_request(
             MCPError: Peer error response; `REQUEST_TIMEOUT` if
                 `opts["timeout"]` elapsed; `CONNECTION_CLOSED` if the
                 transport closed or the dispatcher shut down.
+            Exception: The read stream yielded an exception (transport
+                fault) while awaiting; re-raised as-is.
             RuntimeError: Called before `run()`.
         """
         # Post-close sends get the same CONNECTION_CLOSED contract as in-flight waiters.
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ async def send_raw_request(
 
         # buffer=1: a close signal can arrive before the waiter parks in receive();
         # a WouldBlock later just means the waiter already has its one outcome.
-        send, receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData](1)
+        send, receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData | Exception](1)
         pending = _Pending(send=send, receive=receive, on_progress=on_progress)
         self._pending[pending_key] = pending
 
@@ -442,6 +444,10 @@ async def send_raw_request(
 
         if isinstance(outcome, ErrorData):
             raise MCPError(code=outcome.code, message=outcome.message, data=outcome.data)
+        if isinstance(outcome, Exception):
+            # Read stream faulted mid-await: re-raise the transport's exception
+            # as-is so callers see the original type (e.g. httpx.ReadTimeout).
+            raise outcome
         return outcome
 
     async def notify(
@@ -536,6 +542,9 @@ async def _dispatch(
         are awaited; any other `await` would head-of-line block the read loop.
         """
         if isinstance(item, Exception):
+            # No response can arrive over a faulted transport: fail the pending
+            # waiters now instead of parking them until their timeout elapses.
+            self._fail_pending(item)
             if self.on_stream_exception is None:
                 logger.debug("transport yielded exception: %r", item)
                 return
@@ -686,14 +695,19 @@ def _spawn(
             self._tg.start_soon(fn, *args)
 
     def _fan_out_closed(self) -> None:
-        """Wake every pending `send_raw_request` waiter with `CONNECTION_CLOSED`.
+        """Wake every pending `send_raw_request` waiter with `CONNECTION_CLOSED`."""
+        self._fail_pending(ErrorData(code=CONNECTION_CLOSED, message="Connection closed"))
 
-        Synchronous: callers may be inside a cancelled scope. Idempotent.
+    def _fail_pending(self, outcome: ErrorData | Exception) -> None:
+        """Wake every pending `send_raw_request` waiter with `outcome`.
+
+        `CONNECTION_CLOSED` on EOF, the transport's exception on a faulted
+        read stream. Synchronous: callers may be inside a cancelled scope.
+        Idempotent.
         """
-        closed = ErrorData(code=CONNECTION_CLOSED, message="Connection closed")
         for pending in self._pending.values():
             try:
-                pending.send.send_nowait(closed)
+                pending.send.send_nowait(outcome)
             except (anyio.WouldBlock, anyio.BrokenResourceError, anyio.ClosedResourceError):
                 pass
         self._pending.clear()

diff --git a/tests/shared/test_jsonrpc_dispatcher.py b/tests/shared/test_jsonrpc_dispatcher.py
@@ -316,6 +316,53 @@ async def caller() -> None:
             s.close()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio", "trio"], indirect=True)
+async def test_send_raw_request_raises_transport_exception_yielded_mid_await():
+    """A blocked send_raw_request is woken with the transport's own exception, not parked
+    until its timeout elapses; the dispatcher keeps serving once the stream recovers (#1401)."""
+    c2s_send, c2s_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](32)
+    s2c_send, s2c_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](32)
+    client: JSONRPCDispatcher[TransportContext] = JSONRPCDispatcher(s2c_recv, c2s_send)
+    server: JSONRPCDispatcher[TransportContext] = JSONRPCDispatcher(c2s_recv, s2c_send)
+    release_first = anyio.Event()
+
+    async def server_on_request(ctx: DCtx, method: str, params: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        # Park the first request so the caller is mid-await when the fault lands.
+        await release_first.wait()
+        return {"echoed": method, "params": {}}
+
+    async def on_notify(ctx: DCtx, method: str, params: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    fault_consumed = anyio.Event()
+
+    async def caller() -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="transport fault"):
+            await client.send_raw_request("ping", None)
+        fault_consumed.set()
+
+    try:
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            await tg.start(client.run, *echo_handlers(Recorder()))
+            await tg.start(server.run, server_on_request, on_notify)
+
+            tg.start_soon(caller)
+            await anyio.sleep(0)
+            # Fault the client's read side mid-await. The buffered send yields no
+            # checkpoint, so wait for the waiter to consume the fault first.
+            await s2c_send.send(RuntimeError("transport fault"))
+            await fault_consumed.wait()
+            release_first.set()  # the parked first response arrives late and is dropped
+            # The stream stays open, so a later round-trip must still work.
+            assert await client.send_raw_request("ping", None) == {"echoed": "ping", "params": {}}
+            s2c_send.close()  # EOF both read streams so run() loops exit and the tg joins
+            c2s_send.close()
+    finally:
+        for s in (c2s_send, c2s_recv, s2c_send, s2c_recv):
+            s.close()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.anyio
 async def test_run_returns_cleanly_when_read_stream_receive_end_is_closed():
     """Iterating a closed receive end is EOF, not a crash (stateless SHTTP closes it during teardown)."""
@@ -1826,7 +1873,7 @@ def test_resolve_pending_drops_outcome_when_waiter_stream_already_closed():
     c2s_send, c2s_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](1)
     s2c_send, s2c_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](1)
     d: JSONRPCDispatcher[TransportContext] = JSONRPCDispatcher(s2c_recv, c2s_send)
-    send, recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData](1)
+    send, recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData | Exception](1)
     d._pending[1] = _Pending(send=send, receive=recv)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
     recv.close()  # waiter gone - send_nowait will raise BrokenResourceError
     d._resolve_pending(1, {"late": True})  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
@@ -1839,7 +1886,7 @@ def test_fan_out_closed_drops_signal_when_waiter_already_has_outcome():
     c2s_send, c2s_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](1)
     s2c_send, s2c_recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](1)
     d: JSONRPCDispatcher[TransportContext] = JSONRPCDispatcher(s2c_recv, c2s_send)
-    send, recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData](1)
+    send, recv = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[dict[str, Any] | ErrorData | Exception](1)
     d._pending[1] = _Pending(send=send, receive=recv)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
     send.send_nowait({"real": "result"})
     d._fan_out_closed()  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]