python
diff --git a/Doc/library/threading.rst b/Doc/library/threading.rst
@@ -534,9 +534,10 @@ All methods are executed atomically.
    lock, subsequent attempts to acquire it block, until it is released; any
    thread may release it.
 
-   Note that ``Lock`` is actually a factory function which returns an instance
-   of the most efficient version of the concrete Lock class that is supported
-   by the platform.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      ``Lock`` is now a class. In earlier Pythons, ``Lock`` was a factory
+      function which returned an instance of the underlying private lock
+      type.
 
 
    .. method:: acquire(blocking=True, timeout=-1)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_threading.py b/Lib/test/test_threading.py
@@ -170,11 +170,21 @@ def test_args_argument(self):
                 t.start()
                 t.join()
 
-    @cpython_only
-    def test_disallow_instantiation(self):
-        # Ensure that the type disallows instantiation (bpo-43916)
-        lock = threading.Lock()
-        test.support.check_disallow_instantiation(self, type(lock))
+    def test_lock_no_args(self):
+        threading.Lock()  # works
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, threading.Lock, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, threading.Lock, a=1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, threading.Lock, 1, 2, a=1, b=2)
+
+    def test_lock_no_subclass(self):
+        # Intentionally disallow subclasses of threading.Lock because they have
+        # never been allowed, so why start now just because the type is public?
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class MyLock(threading.Lock): pass
+
+    def test_lock_or_none(self):
+        import types
+        self.assertIsInstance(threading.Lock | None, types.UnionType)
 
     # Create a bunch of threads, let each do some work, wait until all are
     # done.

diff --git a/Lib/threading.py b/Lib/threading.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import _thread
 import functools
 import warnings
-import _weakref
 
 from time import monotonic as _time
 from _weakrefset import WeakSet
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@
 _start_joinable_thread = _thread.start_joinable_thread
 _daemon_threads_allowed = _thread.daemon_threads_allowed
 _allocate_lock = _thread.allocate_lock
+_LockType = _thread.LockType
 _set_sentinel = _thread._set_sentinel
 get_ident = _thread.get_ident
 _is_main_interpreter = _thread._is_main_interpreter
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def gettrace():
 
 # Synchronization classes
 
-Lock = _allocate_lock
+Lock = _LockType
 
 def RLock(*args, **kwargs):
     """Factory function that returns a new reentrant lock.

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-23-14-11-49.gh-issue-114315.KeVdzl.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-01-23-14-11-49.gh-issue-114315.KeVdzl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Make :class:`threading.Lock` a real class, not a factory function. Add
+``__new__`` to ``_thread.lock`` type.
diff --git a/Modules/_threadmodule.c b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // _PyInterpreterState.threads.count
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_SetCurrent()
 #include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_GetAttr()
@@ -349,6 +350,27 @@ lock__at_fork_reinit(lockobject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 }
 #endif  /* HAVE_FORK */
 
+static lockobject *newlockobject(PyObject *module);
+
+static PyObject *
+lock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
+{
+    // convert to AC?
+    if (!_PyArg_NoKeywords("lock", kwargs)) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lock", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 0, 0)) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *module = PyType_GetModuleByDef(type, &thread_module);
+    assert(module != NULL);
+    return (PyObject *)newlockobject(module);
+
+error:
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 
 static PyMethodDef lock_methods[] = {
     {"acquire_lock", _PyCFunction_CAST(lock_PyThread_acquire_lock),
@@ -398,14 +420,15 @@ static PyType_Slot lock_type_slots[] = {
     {Py_tp_methods, lock_methods},
     {Py_tp_traverse, lock_traverse},
     {Py_tp_members, lock_type_members},
+    {Py_tp_new, lock_new},
     {0, 0}
 };
 
 static PyType_Spec lock_type_spec = {
     .name = "_thread.lock",
     .basicsize = sizeof(lockobject),
     .flags = (Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
-              Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION | Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE),
+              Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE),
     .slots = lock_type_slots,
 };
 
@@ -1439,8 +1462,6 @@ A subthread can use this function to interrupt the main thread.\n\
 Note: the default signal handler for SIGINT raises ``KeyboardInterrupt``."
 );
 
-static lockobject *newlockobject(PyObject *module);
-
 static PyObject *
 thread_PyThread_allocate_lock(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
@@ -1838,10 +1859,14 @@ thread_module_exec(PyObject *module)
     }
 
     // Lock
-    state->lock_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromSpec(&lock_type_spec);
+    state->lock_type = (PyTypeObject *)PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(module, &lock_type_spec, NULL);
     if (state->lock_type == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
+    if (PyModule_AddType(module, state->lock_type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    // Old alias: lock -> LockType
     if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "LockType", (PyObject *)state->lock_type) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		Make :class:`threading.Lock` a real class, not a factory function. Add
		``__new__`` to ``_thread.lock`` type.