#define TEST_REFCOUNT() \
    do { \
        PyObject *obj = PyList_New(0); \
        if (obj == NULL) { \
            return NULL; \
        } \
        assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 1); \
        \
        /* test Py_NewRef() */ \
        PyObject *ref = Py_NewRef(obj); \
        assert(ref == obj); \
        assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 2); \
        Py_DECREF(ref); \
        \
        /* test Py_XNewRef() */ \
        PyObject *xref = Py_XNewRef(obj); \
        assert(xref == obj); \
        assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 2); \
        Py_DECREF(xref); \
        \
        assert(Py_XNewRef(NULL) == NULL); \
        \
        Py_DECREF(obj); \
        Py_RETURN_NONE; \
    } while (0)


// Test Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() macros
static PyObject*
test_refcount_macros(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    TEST_REFCOUNT();
}

#undef Py_NewRef
#undef Py_XNewRef

// Test Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() functions, after undefining macros.
static PyObject*
test_refcount_funcs(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
    TEST_REFCOUNT();
}