python
diff --git a/Doc/library/dis.rst b/Doc/library/dis.rst
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ the following command can be used to display the disassembly of
      2           RESUME                   0
    <BLANKLINE>
      3           LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (len + NULL)
-                 LOAD_FAST                0 (alist)
+                 LOAD_FAST_BORROW         0 (alist)
                  CALL                     1
                  RETURN_VALUE
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Example:
     ...
     RESUME
     LOAD_GLOBAL
-    LOAD_FAST
+    LOAD_FAST_BORROW
     CALL
     RETURN_VALUE
 
@@ -1402,13 +1402,28 @@ iterations of the loop.
       This opcode is now only used in situations where the local variable is
       guaranteed to be initialized. It cannot raise :exc:`UnboundLocalError`.
 
+.. opcode:: LOAD_FAST_BORROW (var_num)
+
+   Pushes a borrowed reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_num]`` onto the
+   stack.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. opcode:: LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST (var_nums)
 
    Pushes references to ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` and
    ``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` onto the stack.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.13
 
+
+.. opcode:: LOAD_FAST_BORROW_LOAD_FAST_BORROW (var_nums)
+
+   Pushes borrowed references to ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` and
+   ``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` onto the stack.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
 .. opcode:: LOAD_FAST_CHECK (var_num)
 
    Pushes a reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_num]`` onto the stack,
@@ -2023,4 +2038,3 @@ instructions:
 
    .. deprecated:: 3.13
       All jumps are now relative. This list is empty.
-
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h b/Include/internal/pycore_frame.h
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ struct _frame {
        PyEval_GetLocals requires a borrowed reference so the actual reference
        is stored here */
     PyObject *f_locals_cache;
+    /* A tuple containing strong references to fast locals that were overwritten
+     * via f_locals. Borrowed references to these locals may exist in frames
+     * closer to the top of the stack. The references in this tuple act as
+     * "support" for the borrowed references, ensuring that they remain valid.
+     */
+    PyObject *f_overwritten_fast_locals;
     /* The frame data, if this frame object owns the frame */
     PyObject *_f_frame_data[1];
 };

diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ PyStackRef_MakeHeapSafe(_PyStackRef ref)
     return ref;
 }
 
+static inline _PyStackRef
+PyStackRef_Borrow(_PyStackRef ref)
+{
+    return PyStackRef_DUP(ref)
+}
+
 #define PyStackRef_CLEAR(REF) \
     do { \
         _PyStackRef *_tmp_op_ptr = &(REF); \
@@ -253,6 +259,25 @@ _PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(PyObject *obj)
 }
 #   define PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(obj) _PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(_PyObject_CAST(obj))
 
+static inline bool
+PyStackRef_IsHeapSafe(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    if (PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref)) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref);
+        return obj == NULL || _Py_IsImmortal(obj) || _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(obj);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline _PyStackRef
+PyStackRef_MakeHeapSafe(_PyStackRef stackref)
+{
+    if (PyStackRef_IsHeapSafe(stackref)) {
+        return stackref;
+    }
+    PyObject *obj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref);
+    return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = (uintptr_t)(Py_NewRef(obj)) | Py_TAG_PTR };
+}
 
 static inline _PyStackRef
 PyStackRef_FromPyObjectStealMortal(PyObject *obj)
@@ -311,25 +336,16 @@ PyStackRef_DUP(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
     assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(stackref));
     if (PyStackRef_IsDeferred(stackref)) {
-        assert(_Py_IsImmortal(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref)) ||
-               _PyObject_HasDeferredRefcount(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref))
-        );
         return stackref;
     }
     Py_INCREF(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stackref));
     return stackref;
 }
 
-static inline bool
-PyStackRef_IsHeapSafe(_PyStackRef ref)
-{
-    return true;
-}
-
 static inline _PyStackRef
-PyStackRef_MakeHeapSafe(_PyStackRef ref)
+PyStackRef_Borrow(_PyStackRef stackref)
 {
-    return ref;
+    return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = stackref.bits | Py_TAG_DEFERRED };
 }
 
 // Convert a possibly deferred reference to a strong reference.
@@ -399,7 +415,6 @@ static inline void PyStackRef_CheckValid(_PyStackRef ref) {
             assert(!_Py_IsStaticImmortal(obj));
             break;
         case Py_TAG_REFCNT:
-            assert(obj == NULL || _Py_IsImmortal(obj));
             break;
         default:
             assert(0);
@@ -413,21 +428,28 @@ static inline void PyStackRef_CheckValid(_PyStackRef ref) {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#define PyStackRef_RefcountOnObject(REF) (((REF).bits & Py_TAG_BITS) == 0)
+#define PyStackRef_RefcountOnObject(REF) (((REF).bits & Py_TAG_REFCNT) == 0)
 #define PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow BITS_TO_PTR_MASKED
+#define PyStackRef_Borrow(REF) (_PyStackRef){ .bits = ((REF).bits) | Py_TAG_REFCNT};
 #else
 /* Does this ref not have an embedded refcount and thus not refer to a declared immmortal object? */
 static inline int
 PyStackRef_RefcountOnObject(_PyStackRef ref)
 {
-    return (ref.bits & Py_TAG_BITS) == 0;
+    return (ref.bits & Py_TAG_REFCNT) == 0;
 }
 
 static inline PyObject *
 PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(_PyStackRef ref)
 {
     return BITS_TO_PTR_MASKED(ref);
 }
+
+static inline _PyStackRef
+PyStackRef_Borrow(_PyStackRef ref)
+{
+    return (_PyStackRef){ .bits = ref.bits | Py_TAG_REFCNT };
+}
 #endif
 
 static inline PyObject *