python
diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst
@@ -246,7 +246,27 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following constants:
 
 .. data:: is_android
 
-   ``True`` if the system is Android.
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``android``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_emscripten
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``emscripten``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_wasi
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``wasi``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_apple_mobile
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``ios``, ``tvos``, or ``watchos``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_apple
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``darwin`` or ``is_apple_mobile`` is ``True``.
 
 
 .. data:: unix_shell
@@ -831,6 +851,15 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions:
    Decorator for tests that fill the address space.
 
 
+.. function:: linked_with_musl()
+
+   Return ``False`` if there is no evidence the interperter was compiled with
+   ``musl``, otherwise return a version triple, either ``(0, 0, 0)`` if the
+   version is unknown, or the actual version if it is known.  Intended for use
+   in ``skip`` decorators.  ``emscripten`` and ``wasi`` are assumed to be
+   compiled with ``musl``; otherwise ``platform.libc_ver`` is checked.
+
+
 .. function:: check_syntax_error(testcase, statement, errtext='', *, lineno=None, offset=None)
 
    Test for syntax errors in *statement* by attempting to compile *statement*.

diff --git a/Lib/platform.py b/Lib/platform.py
@@ -189,22 +189,25 @@ def libc_ver(executable=None, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384):
             # sys.executable is not set.
             return lib, version
 
-    libc_search = re.compile(b'(__libc_init)'
-                          b'|'
-                          b'(GLIBC_([0-9.]+))'
-                          b'|'
-                          br'(libc(_\w+)?\.so(?:\.(\d[0-9.]*))?)', re.ASCII)
+    libc_search = re.compile(br"""
+          (__libc_init)
+        | (GLIBC_([0-9.]+))
+        | (libc(_\w+)?\.so(?:\.(\d[0-9.]*))?)
+        | (musl-([0-9.]+))
+        """,
+        re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)
 
     V = _comparable_version
     # We use os.path.realpath()
     # here to work around problems with Cygwin not being
     # able to open symlinks for reading
     executable = os.path.realpath(executable)
+    ver = None
     with open(executable, 'rb') as f:
         binary = f.read(chunksize)
         pos = 0
         while pos < len(binary):
-            if b'libc' in binary or b'GLIBC' in binary:
+            if b'libc' in binary or b'GLIBC' in binary or b'musl' in binary:
                 m = libc_search.search(binary, pos)
             else:
                 m = None
@@ -216,26 +219,30 @@ def libc_ver(executable=None, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384):
                     continue
                 if not m:
                     break
-            libcinit, glibc, glibcversion, so, threads, soversion = [
+            libcinit, glibc, glibcversion, so, threads, soversion, musl, muslversion = [
                 s.decode('latin1') if s is not None else s
                 for s in m.groups()]
             if libcinit and not lib:
                 lib = 'libc'
             elif glibc:
                 if lib != 'glibc':
                     lib = 'glibc'
-                    version = glibcversion
-                elif V(glibcversion) > V(version):
-                    version = glibcversion
+                    ver = glibcversion
+                elif V(glibcversion) > V(ver):
+                    ver = glibcversion
             elif so:
                 if lib != 'glibc':
                     lib = 'libc'
-                    if soversion and (not version or V(soversion) > V(version)):
-                        version = soversion
-                    if threads and version[-len(threads):] != threads:
-                        version = version + threads
+                    if soversion and (not ver or V(soversion) > V(ver)):
+                        ver = soversion
+                    if threads and ver[-len(threads):] != threads:
+                        ver = ver + threads
+            elif musl:
+                lib = 'musl'
+                if not ver or V(muslversion) > V(ver):
+                    ver = muslversion
             pos = m.end()
-    return lib, version
+    return lib, version if ver is None else ver
 
 def _norm_version(version, build=''):
 

diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -3017,20 +3017,35 @@ def is_libssl_fips_mode():
     return get_fips_mode() != 0
 
 
+_linked_to_musl = None
 def linked_to_musl():
     """
-    Test if the Python executable is linked to the musl C library.
+    Report if the Python executable is linked to the musl C library.
+
+    Return False if we don't think it is, or a version triple otherwise.
     """
+    # This is can be a relatively expensive check, so we use a cache.
+    global _linked_to_musl
+    if _linked_to_musl is not None:
+        return _linked_to_musl
+
+    # emscripten (at least as far as we're concerned) and wasi use musl,
+    # but platform doesn't know how to get the version, so set it to zero.
+    if is_emscripten or is_wasi:
+        _linked_to_musl = (0, 0, 0)
+        return _linked_to_musl
+
+    # On all other non-linux platforms assume no musl.
     if sys.platform != 'linux':
-        return False
+        _linked_to_musl = False
+        return _linked_to_musl
 
-    import subprocess
-    exe = getattr(sys, '_base_executable', sys.executable)
-    cmd = ['ldd', exe]
-    try:
-        stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd,
-                                         text=True,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-        return False
-    return ('musl' in stdout)
+    # On linux, we'll depend on the platform module to do the check, so new
+    # musl platforms should add support in that module if possible.
+    import platform
+    lib, version = platform.libc_ver()
+    if lib != 'musl':
+        _linked_to_musl = False
+        return _linked_to_musl
+    _linked_to_musl = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
+    return _linked_to_musl
diff --git a/Lib/test/test__locale.py b/Lib/test/test__locale.py
@@ -137,10 +137,7 @@ def numeric_tester(self, calc_type, calc_value, data_type, used_locale):
             return True
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo against known values
         tested = False
@@ -158,10 +155,7 @@ def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_lc_numeric_localeconv(self):
         # Test localeconv against known values
         tested = False
@@ -210,10 +204,7 @@ def test_lc_numeric_basic(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(locale, 'ALT_DIGITS'), "requires locale.ALT_DIGITS")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_alt_digits_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo(ALT_DIGITS)
         tested = False
@@ -245,10 +236,7 @@ def test_alt_digits_nl_langinfo(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(locale, 'ERA'), "requires locale.ERA")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_era_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo(ERA)
         tested = False

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_locale.py b/Lib/test/test_locale.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from decimal import Decimal
-from test.support import verbose, is_android, is_emscripten, is_wasi, os_helper
+from test.support import verbose, is_android, linked_to_musl, os_helper
 from test.support.warnings_helper import check_warnings
 from test.support.import_helper import import_fresh_module
 from unittest import mock
@@ -351,21 +351,15 @@ def setUp(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('aix'),
                      'bpo-29972: broken test on AIX')
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
                      "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strcoll_with_diacritic(self):
         self.assertLess(locale.strcoll('à', 'b'), 0)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('aix'),
                      'bpo-29972: broken test on AIX')
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
                      "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strxfrm_with_diacritic(self):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_math.py b/Lib/test/test_math.py
@@ -2772,6 +2772,9 @@ def test_fma_infinities(self):
         or (sys.platform == "android" and platform.machine() == "x86_64")
         or support.linked_to_musl(),  # gh-131032
         f"this platform doesn't implement IEE 754-2008 properly")
+    # gh-131032: musl is fixed but the fix is not yet released; when the fixed
+    # version is known change this to:
+    #   or support.linked_to_musl() < (1, <m>, <p>)
     def test_fma_zero_result(self):
         nonnegative_finites = [0.0, 1e-300, 2.3, 1e300]
 

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -2555,15 +2555,18 @@ def test_fchown(self):
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fpathconf'), 'test needs os.fpathconf()')
     def test_fpathconf(self):
         self.assertIn("PC_NAME_MAX", os.pathconf_names)
-        if not (support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi):
-            # musl libc pathconf ignores the file descriptor and always returns
-            # a constant, so the assertion that it should notice a bad file
-            # descriptor and return EBADF fails.
-            self.check(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
-            self.check(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
         self.check_bool(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
         self.check_bool(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fpathconf'), 'test needs os.fpathconf()')
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.linked_to_musl(),
+        'musl pathconf ignores the file descriptor and returns a constant',
+        )
-        )
+    )
-        )
+    )
+    def test_fpathconf_bad_fd(self):
+        self.check(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
+        self.check(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'ftruncate'), 'test needs os.ftruncate()')
     def test_ftruncate(self):
         self.check(os.truncate, 0)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_platform.py b/Lib/test/test_platform.py
@@ -552,6 +552,10 @@ def test_libc_ver(self):
                 (b'GLIBC_2.9', ('glibc', '2.9')),
                 (b'libc.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5')),
                 (b'libc_pthread.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5_pthread')),
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-1.2.5', ('musl', '1.2.5')),
+                # musl uses semver, but we accept some variations anyway:
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-12.5', ('musl', '12.5')),
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-1.2.5.7', ('musl', '1.2.5.7')),
                 (b'', ('', '')),
             ):
                 with open(filename, 'wb') as fp:
@@ -563,14 +567,29 @@ def test_libc_ver(self):
                                  expected)
 
         # binary containing multiple versions: get the most recent,
-        # make sure that 1.9 is seen as older than 1.23.4
-        chunksize = 16384
-        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
-            # test match at chunk boundary
-            f.write(b'x'*(chunksize - 10))
-            f.write(b'GLIBC_1.23.4\0GLIBC_1.9\0GLIBC_1.21\0')
-        self.assertEqual(platform.libc_ver(filename, chunksize=chunksize),
-                         ('glibc', '1.23.4'))
+        # make sure that eg 1.9 is seen as older than 1.23.4, and that
+        # the arguments don't count even if they are set.
+        chunksize = 200
+        for data, expected in (
+                (b'GLIBC_1.23.4\0GLIBC_1.9\0GLIBC_1.21\0', ('glibc', '1.23.4')),
+                (b'libc.so.2.4\0libc.so.9\0libc.so.23.1\0', ('libc', '23.1')),
+                (b'musl-1.4.1\0musl-2.1.1\0musl-2.0.1\0', ('musl', '2.1.1')),
+                (b'no match here, so defaults are used', ('test', '100.1.0')),
+            ):
+            with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+                # test match at chunk boundary
+                f.write(b'x'*(chunksize - 10))
+                f.write(data)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                expected,
+                platform.libc_ver(
+                    filename,
+                    lib='test',
+                    version='100.1.0',
+                    chunksize=chunksize,
+                    ),
+                )
+
 
     def test_android_ver(self):
         res = platform.android_ver()

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_re.py b/Lib/test/test_re.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from test.support import (gc_collect, bigmemtest, _2G,
                           cpython_only, captured_stdout,
-                          check_disallow_instantiation, is_emscripten, is_wasi,
+                          check_disallow_instantiation, linked_to_musl,
                           warnings_helper, SHORT_TIMEOUT, CPUStopwatch, requires_resource)
 import locale
 import re
@@ -2172,10 +2172,7 @@ def test_bug_20998(self):
         # with ignore case.
         self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch('[a-c]+', 'ABC', re.I).span(), (0, 3))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_locale_caching(self):
         # Issue #22410
         oldlocale = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE)
@@ -2212,10 +2209,7 @@ def check_en_US_utf8(self):
         self.assertIsNone(re.match(b'(?Li)\xc5', b'\xe5'))
         self.assertIsNone(re.match(b'(?Li)\xe5', b'\xc5'))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_locale_compiled(self):
         oldlocale = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE)
         self.addCleanup(locale.setlocale, locale.LC_CTYPE, oldlocale)

@@ -544,10 +544,7 @@ def test_date_locale(self):
         self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now - 366*24*3600))
 
     # NB: Dates before 1969 do not roundtrip on many locales, including C.
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
                       'eu_ES', 'ar_AE', 'my_MM', 'shn_MM')
     def test_date_locale2(self):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_support.py b/Lib/test/test_support.py
@@ -746,7 +746,18 @@ def test_get_signal_name(self):
 
     def test_linked_to_musl(self):
         linked = support.linked_to_musl()
-        self.assertIsInstance(linked, bool)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(linked)
+        if support.is_wasi or support.is_emscripten:
+            self.assertTrue(linked)
+        # The value is cached, so make sure it returns the same value again.
+        self.assertIs(linked, support.linked_to_musl())
+        # The unlike libc, the musl version is a triple.
+        if linked:
+            self.assertIsInstance(linked, tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(3, len(linked))
+            for v in linked:
+                self.assertIsInstance(v, int)
+
 
     # XXX -follows a list of untested API
     # make_legacy_pyc

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-03-17-17-11-41.gh-issue-90548.xSPf_L.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-03-17-17-11-41.gh-issue-90548.xSPf_L.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:func:`platform.libc_ver` can now detect and report the version of ``musl``
+on Alpine Linux.
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		:func:`platform.libc_ver` can now detect and report the version of ``musl``
		on Alpine Linux.