@@ -1684,19 +1684,33 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_ciphers(ciphers)
 
-   Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context.
-   It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format
+   Set the allowed ciphers for sockets created with this context when
+   connecting using TLS 1.2 and earlier.  The *ciphers* argument should
+   be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format
    <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man1/ciphers/>`_.
+   To set allowed TLS 1.3 ciphers, use :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphersuites`.
+
    If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other
    configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an
    :class:`SSLError` will be raised.
 
    .. note::
-      when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will
-      give the currently selected cipher.
+      When connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will
+      return details about the negotiated cipher.
+
+.. method:: SSLContext.set_ciphersuites(ciphersuites)
+
+   Set the allowed ciphers for sockets created with this context when
+   connecting using TLS 1.3.  The *ciphersuites* argument should be a
+   colon-separate string of TLS 1.3 cipher names.  If no cipher can be
+   selected (because compile-time options or other configuration forbids
+   use of all the specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised.
+
+   .. note::
+      When connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will
+      return details about the negotiated cipher.
 
-      TLS 1.3 cipher suites cannot be disabled with
-      :meth:`~SSLContext.set_ciphers`.
+   .. versionadded:: next
 
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_groups(groups)
 
@@ -2844,10 +2858,15 @@ TLS 1.3
 The TLS 1.3 protocol behaves slightly differently than previous version
 of TLS/SSL. Some new TLS 1.3 features are not yet available.
 
-- TLS 1.3 uses a disjunct set of cipher suites. All AES-GCM and
-  ChaCha20 cipher suites are enabled by default.  The method
-  :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` cannot enable or disable any TLS 1.3
-  ciphers yet, but :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` returns them.
+- TLS 1.3 uses a disjunct set of cipher suites.  All AES-GCM and ChaCha20
+  cipher suites are enabled by default.  To restrict which TLS 1.3 ciphers
+  are allowed, the :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphersuites` method should be
+  called instead of :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers`, which only affects
+  ciphers in older TLS versions.  The :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` method
+  returns information about ciphers for both TLS 1.3 and earlier versions
+  and the method :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` returns information about the
+  negotiated cipher for both TLS 1.3 and earlier versions once a connection
+  is established.
 - Session tickets are no longer sent as part of the initial handshake and
   are handled differently.  :attr:`SSLSocket.session` and :class:`SSLSession`
   are not compatible with TLS 1.3.

@@ -332,6 +332,13 @@ ssl
 
    (Contributed by Ron Frederick in :gh:`136306`)
 
+* Added a new method :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphersuites` for setting TLS 1.3
+  ciphers. For TLS 1.2 or earlier, :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphers` should
+  continue to be used. Both calls can be made on the same context and the
+  selected cipher suite will depend on the TLS version negotiated when a
+  connection is made.
+  (Contributed by Ron Frederick in :gh:`137197`.)
+
 
 tarfile
 -------

@@ -263,7 +263,9 @@ def utc_offset(): #NOTE: ignore issues like #1647654
 
 def test_wrap_socket(sock, *,
                      cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ca_certs=None,
-                     ciphers=None, certfile=None, keyfile=None,
+                     ciphers=None, ciphersuites=None,
+                     min_version=None, max_version=None,
+                     certfile=None, keyfile=None,
                      **kwargs):
     if not kwargs.get("server_side"):
         kwargs["server_hostname"] = SIGNED_CERTFILE_HOSTNAME
@@ -280,6 +282,12 @@ def test_wrap_socket(sock, *,
         context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
     if ciphers is not None:
         context.set_ciphers(ciphers)
+    if ciphersuites is not None:
+        context.set_ciphersuites(ciphersuites)
+    if min_version is not None:
+        context.minimum_version = min_version
+    if max_version is not None:
+        context.maximum_version = max_version
     return context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -2238,6 +2246,68 @@ def test_transport_eof(self):
             self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLEOFError, sslobj.read)
 
 
+@unittest.skipUnless(has_tls_version('TLSv1_3'), "TLS 1.3 is not available")
+class SimpleBackgroundTestsTLS_1_3(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests that connect to a simple server running in the background."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        server_ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        ciphers = [cipher['name'] for cipher in server_ctx.get_ciphers()
+                   if cipher['protocol'] == 'TLSv1.3']
+
+        if not ciphers:
+            self.skipTest("No cipher supports TLSv1.3")
+
+        self.matching_cipher = ciphers[0]
+        # Some tests need at least two ciphers, and are responsible
+        # to skip themselves if matching_cipher == mismatched_cipher.
+        self.mismatched_cipher = ciphers[-1]
+
+        server_ctx.set_ciphersuites(self.matching_cipher)
+        server_ctx.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
+        server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_ctx)
+        self.enterContext(server)
+        self.server_addr = (HOST, server.port)
+
+    def test_ciphersuites(self):
+        # Test unrecognized TLS 1.3 cipher suite name
+        with (
+            socket.socket(socket.AF_INET) as sock,
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
+                                   "No cipher suite can be selected")
+        ):
+            test_wrap_socket(sock, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                             ciphersuites="XXX",
+                             min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3)
+
+        # Test successful TLS 1.3 handshake
+        with test_wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
+                              cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                              ciphersuites=self.matching_cipher,
+                              min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3) as s:
+            s.connect(self.server_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(s.cipher()[0], self.matching_cipher)
+
+    def test_ciphersuite_downgrade(self):
+        with test_wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
+                              cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                              ciphersuites=self.matching_cipher,
+                              min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2,
+                              max_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2) as s:
+            s.connect(self.server_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(s.cipher()[1], 'TLSv1.2')
+
+    def test_ciphersuite_mismatch(self):
+        if self.matching_cipher == self.mismatched_cipher:
+            self.skipTest("Multiple TLS 1.3 ciphers are not available")
+
+        with test_wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
+                              cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                              ciphersuites=self.mismatched_cipher,
+                              min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3) as s:
+            self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError, s.connect, self.server_addr)
+
+
 @support.requires_resource('network')
 class NetworkedTests(unittest.TestCase):
 

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-07-29-05-12-50.gh-issue-137197.bMK3sO.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-07-29-05-12-50.gh-issue-137197.bMK3sO.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` objects can now set TLS 1.3 cipher suites
+via :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphersuites`.
@@ -3606,6 +3606,25 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist)
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+_ssl._SSLContext.set_ciphersuites
+    ciphersuites: str
+    /
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphersuites_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                       const char *ciphersuites)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9915bec58e54d76d input=2afcc3693392be41]*/
+{
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites(self->ctx, ciphersuites)) {
+        _setSSLError(get_state_ctx(self), "No cipher suite can be selected.", 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
 /*[clinic input]
 @critical_section
 _ssl._SSLContext.get_ciphers
@@ -5583,6 +5602,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef context_methods[] = {
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__WRAP_SOCKET_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__WRAP_BIO_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERSUITES_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_GROUPS_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__SET_ALPN_PROTOCOLS_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_LOAD_CERT_CHAIN_METHODDEF

diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` objects can now set TLS 1.3 cipher suites
		via :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphersuites`.