python
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_structs.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_structs.h
@@ -276,12 +276,6 @@ struct pyruntimestate {
     struct _types_runtime_state types;
     struct _Py_time_runtime_state time;
 
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && defined(PY_CALL_TRAMPOLINE)
-    // Used in "Python/emscripten_trampoline.c" to choose between type
-    // reflection trampoline and EM_JS trampoline.
-    int (*emscripten_count_args_function)(PyCFunctionWithKeywords func);
-#endif
-
     /* All the objects that are shared by the runtime's interpreters. */
     struct _Py_cached_objects cached_objects;
     struct _Py_static_objects static_objects;

@@ -3113,6 +3113,12 @@ config.status:	$(srcdir)/configure
 Python/asm_trampoline.o: $(srcdir)/Python/asm_trampoline.S
 	$(CC) -c $(PY_CORE_CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
+Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.wasm: $(srcdir)/Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.c
+	# emcc has a path that ends with emsdk/upstream/emscripten/emcc, we're looking for emsdk/upstream/bin/clang.
+	$$(dirname $$(dirname $(CC)))/bin/clang -o $@ $< -mgc -O2 -Wl,--no-entry -Wl,--import-table -Wl,--import-memory -target wasm32-unknown-unknown -nostdlib
+
+Python/emscripten_trampoline_wasm.c: Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.wasm
+	$(PYTHON_FOR_REGEN) $(srcdir)/Tools/wasm/emscripten/prepare_external_wasm.py $< $@ getWasmTrampolineModule
 
 JIT_DEPS = \
 		$(srcdir)/Tools/jit/*.c \

diff --git a/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c b/Python/emscripten_trampoline.c
@@ -2,75 +2,20 @@
 
 #include <emscripten.h>             // EM_JS, EM_JS_DEPS
 #include <Python.h>
-#include "pycore_runtime.h"         // _PyRuntime
 
-typedef int (*CountArgsFunc)(PyCFunctionWithKeywords func);
-
-// Offset of emscripten_count_args_function in _PyRuntimeState. There's a couple
-// of alternatives:
-// 1. Just make emscripten_count_args_function a real C global variable instead
-//    of a field of _PyRuntimeState. This would violate our rule against mutable
-//    globals.
-// 2. #define a preprocessor constant equal to a hard coded number and make a
-//    _Static_assert(offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, emscripten_count_args_function)
-//    == OURCONSTANT) This has the disadvantage that we have to update the hard
-//    coded constant when _PyRuntimeState changes
-//
-// So putting the mutable constant in _PyRuntime and using a immutable global to
-// record the offset so we can access it from JS is probably the best way.
-EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE const int _PyEM_EMSCRIPTEN_COUNT_ARGS_OFFSET = offsetof(_PyRuntimeState, emscripten_count_args_function);
-
-EM_JS(CountArgsFunc, _PyEM_GetCountArgsPtr, (), {
-    return Module._PyEM_CountArgsPtr; // initialized below
+EM_JS(
+PyObject*,
+_PyEM_TrampolineCall_inner, (int* success,
+                             PyCFunctionWithKeywords func,
+                             PyObject *arg1,
+                             PyObject *arg2,
+                             PyObject *arg3), {
+    // JavaScript fallback trampoline
+    return wasmTable.get(func)(arg1, arg2, arg3);
 }
-// Binary module for the checks. It has to be done in web assembly because
-// clang/llvm have no support yet for the reference types yet. In fact, the wasm
-// binary toolkit doesn't yet support the ref.test instruction either. To
-// convert the following textual wasm to a binary, you can build wabt from this
-// branch: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/pull/2529 and then use that
-// wat2wasm binary.
-//
-// (module
-//     (type $type0 (func (param) (result i32)))
-//     (type $type1 (func (param i32) (result i32)))
-//     (type $type2 (func (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
-//     (type $type3 (func (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))
-//     (type $blocktype (func (param) (result)))
-//     (table $funcs (import "e" "t") 0 funcref)
-//     (export "f" (func $f))
-//     (func $f (param $fptr i32) (result i32)
-//              (local $fref funcref)
-//         local.get $fptr
-//         table.get $funcs
-//         local.tee $fref
-//         ref.test $type3
-//         if $blocktype
-//             i32.const 3
-//             return
-//         end
-//         local.get $fref
-//         ref.test $type2
-//         if $blocktype
-//             i32.const 2
-//             return
-//         end
-//         local.get $fref
-//         ref.test $type1
-//         if $blocktype
-//             i32.const 1
-//             return
-//         end
-//         local.get $fref
-//         ref.test $type0
-//         if $blocktype
-//             i32.const 0
-//             return
-//         end
-//         i32.const -1
-//     )
-// )
-
-function getPyEMCountArgsPtr() {
+// Try to replace the JS definition of _PyEM_TrampolineCall_inner with a wasm
+// version.
+(function () {
     // Starting with iOS 18.3.1, WebKit on iOS has an issue with the garbage
     // collector that breaks the call trampoline. See #130418 and
     // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=293113 for details.
@@ -82,137 +27,33 @@ function getPyEMCountArgsPtr() {
         (navigator.platform === 'MacIntel' && typeof navigator.maxTouchPoints !== 'undefined' && navigator.maxTouchPoints > 1)
     );
     if (isIOS) {
-        return 0;
+        return;
     }
-
-    // Try to initialize countArgsFunc
-    const code = new Uint8Array([
-        0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6d, // \0asm magic number
-        0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // version 1
-        0x01, 0x1a, // Type section, body is 0x1a bytes
-            0x05, // 6 entries
-            0x60, 0x00, 0x01, 0x7f,                      // (type $type0 (func (param) (result i32)))
-            0x60, 0x01, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x7f,                // (type $type1 (func (param i32) (result i32)))
-            0x60, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x7f,          // (type $type2 (func (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
-            0x60, 0x03, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x7f,    // (type $type3 (func (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))
-            0x60, 0x00, 0x00,                            // (type $blocktype (func (param) (result)))
-        0x02, 0x09, // Import section, 0x9 byte body
-            0x01, // 1 import (table $funcs (import "e" "t") 0 funcref)
-            0x01, 0x65, // "e"
-            0x01, 0x74, // "t"
-            0x01,       // importing a table
-            0x70,       // of entry type funcref
-            0x00, 0x00, // table limits: no max, min of 0
-        0x03, 0x02,   // Function section
-            0x01, 0x01, // We're going to define one function of type 1 (func (param i32) (result i32))
-        0x07, 0x05, // export section
-            0x01, // 1 export
-            0x01, 0x66, // called "f"
-            0x00, // a function
-            0x00, // at index 0
-
-        0x0a, 56,  // Code section,
-            0x01, 54, // one entry of length 54
-            0x01, 0x01, 0x70, // one local of type funcref
-            // Body of the function
-            0x20, 0x00,       // local.get $fptr
-            0x25, 0x00,       // table.get $funcs
-            0x22, 0x01,       // local.tee $fref
-            0xfb, 0x14, 0x03, // ref.test $type3
-            0x04, 0x04,       // if (type $blocktype)
-                0x41, 0x03,   //   i32.const 3
-                0x0f,         //   return
-            0x0b,             // end block
-
-            0x20, 0x01,       // local.get $fref
-            0xfb, 0x14, 0x02, // ref.test $type2
-            0x04, 0x04,       // if (type $blocktype)
-                0x41, 0x02,   //   i32.const 2
-                0x0f,         //   return
-            0x0b,             // end block
-
-            0x20, 0x01,       // local.get $fref
-            0xfb, 0x14, 0x01, // ref.test $type1
-            0x04, 0x04,       // if (type $blocktype)
-                0x41, 0x01,   //   i32.const 1
-                0x0f,         //   return
-            0x0b,             // end block
-
-            0x20, 0x01,       // local.get $fref
-            0xfb, 0x14, 0x00, // ref.test $type0
-            0x04, 0x04,       // if (type $blocktype)
-                0x41, 0x00,   //   i32.const 0
-                0x0f,         //   return
-            0x0b,             // end block
-
-            0x41, 0x7f,       // i32.const -1
-            0x0b // end function
-    ]);
     try {
-        const mod = new WebAssembly.Module(code);
-        const inst = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod, { e: { t: wasmTable } });
-        return addFunction(inst.exports.f);
+        const trampolineModule = getWasmTrampolineModule();
+        const trampolineInstance = new WebAssembly.Instance(trampolineModule, {
+            env: { __indirect_function_table: wasmTable, memory: wasmMemory },
+        });
+        _PyEM_TrampolineCall_inner = trampolineInstance.exports.trampoline_call;
     } catch (e) {
-        // If something goes wrong, we'll null out _PyEM_CountFuncParams and fall
-        // back to the JS trampoline.
-        return 0;
+        // Compilation error due to missing wasm-gc support, fall back to JS
+        // trampoline
     }
-}
-
-addOnPreRun(() => {
-    const ptr = getPyEMCountArgsPtr();
-    Module._PyEM_CountArgsPtr = ptr;
-    const offset = HEAP32[__PyEM_EMSCRIPTEN_COUNT_ARGS_OFFSET / 4];
-    HEAP32[(__PyRuntime + offset) / 4] = ptr;
-});
+})();
 );
 
-void
-_Py_EmscriptenTrampoline_Init(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
-{
-    runtime->emscripten_count_args_function = _PyEM_GetCountArgsPtr();
-}
-
-// We have to be careful to work correctly with memory snapshots. Even if we are
-// loading a memory snapshot, we need to perform the JS initialization work.
-// That means we can't call the initialization code from C. Instead, we export
-// this function pointer to JS and then fill it in a preRun function which runs
-// unconditionally.
-/**
- * Backwards compatible trampoline works with all JS runtimes
- */
-EM_JS(PyObject*, _PyEM_TrampolineCall_JS, (PyCFunctionWithKeywords func, PyObject *arg1, PyObject *arg2, PyObject *arg3), {
-    return wasmTable.get(func)(arg1, arg2, arg3);
-});
-
-typedef PyObject* (*zero_arg)(void);
-typedef PyObject* (*one_arg)(PyObject*);
-typedef PyObject* (*two_arg)(PyObject*, PyObject*);
-typedef PyObject* (*three_arg)(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*);
-
 PyObject*
 _PyEM_TrampolineCall(PyCFunctionWithKeywords func,
                      PyObject* self,
                      PyObject* args,
                      PyObject* kw)
 {
-    CountArgsFunc count_args = _PyRuntime.emscripten_count_args_function;
-    if (count_args == 0) {
-        return _PyEM_TrampolineCall_JS(func, self, args, kw);
-    }
-    switch (count_args(func)) {
-        case 0:
-            return ((zero_arg)func)();
-        case 1:
-            return ((one_arg)func)(self);
-        case 2:
-            return ((two_arg)func)(self, args);
-        case 3:
-            return ((three_arg)func)(self, args, kw);
-        default:
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Handler takes too many arguments");
-            return NULL;
+    int success = 1;
+    PyObject *result = _PyEM_TrampolineCall_inner(&success, func, self, args, kw);
+    if (!success) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Handler takes too many arguments");
     }
+    return result;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.c b/Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// This file must be compiled with -mgc to enable the extra wasm-gc
+// instructions. It has to be compiled separately because not enough JS runtimes
+// support wasm-gc yet. If the JS runtime does not support wasm-gc (or has buggy
+// support like iOS), we will use the JS trampoline fallback.
+
+// We can't import Python.h here because it is compiled/linked with -nostdlib.
+// We don't need to know what's inside PyObject* anyways. We could just call it
+// void* everywhere. There are two reasons to do this:
+// 1. to improve readability
+// 2. eventually when we are comfortable requiring wasm-gc, we can merge this
+//    into emscripten_trampoline.c without worrying about it.
+typedef void PyObject;
+
+typedef PyObject* (*three_arg)(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*);
+typedef PyObject* (*two_arg)(PyObject*, PyObject*);
+typedef PyObject* (*one_arg)(PyObject*);
+typedef PyObject* (*zero_arg)(void);
+
+#define TRY_RETURN_CALL(ty, args...) \
+  if (__builtin_wasm_test_function_pointer_signature((ty)func)) { \
+    return ((ty)func)(args); \
+  }
+
+__attribute__((export_name("trampoline_call"))) PyObject*
+trampoline_call(int* success,
+                void* func,
+                PyObject* self,
+                PyObject* args,
+                PyObject* kw)
+{
+  *success = 1;
+  TRY_RETURN_CALL(three_arg, self, args, kw);
+  TRY_RETURN_CALL(two_arg, self, args);
+  TRY_RETURN_CALL(one_arg, self);
+  TRY_RETURN_CALL(zero_arg);
+  *success = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include "pycore_codecs.h"        // _PyCodec_Fini()
 #include "pycore_critical_section.h" // _PyCriticalSection_Resume()
 #include "pycore_dtoa.h"          // _dtoa_state_INIT()
-#include "pycore_emscripten_trampoline.h" // _Py_EmscriptenTrampoline_Init()
 #include "pycore_freelist.h"      // _PyObject_ClearFreeLists()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_interpframe.h"   // _PyThreadState_HasStackSpace()
@@ -353,11 +352,6 @@ init_runtime(_PyRuntimeState *runtime,
     runtime->main_thread = PyThread_get_thread_ident();
 
     runtime->unicode_state.ids.next_index = unicode_next_index;
-
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && defined(PY_CALL_TRAMPOLINE)
-    _Py_EmscriptenTrampoline_Init(runtime);
-#endif
-
     runtime->_initialized = 1;
 }
 

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ def clean_lines(text):
 Python/dynload_hpux.c           # dl.h
 Python/emscripten_signal.c
 Python/emscripten_syscalls.c
+Python/emscripten_trampoline_inner.c
 Python/thread_pthread.h
 Python/thread_pthread_stubs.h
 

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+JS_TEMPLATE = """
+#include "emscripten.h"
+
+EM_JS(void, {function_name}, (void), {{
+    return new WebAssembly.Module(hexStringToUTF8Array("{hex_string}"));
+}}
+function hexStringToUTF8Array(hex) {{
+  const bytes = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < hex.length; i += 2) {{
+    bytes.push(parseInt(hex.substr(i, 2), 16));
+  }}
+  return new Uint8Array(bytes);
+}});
+"""
+
+def prepare_wasm(input_file, output_file, function_name):
+    # Read the compiled WASM as binary and convert to hex
+    wasm_bytes = Path(input_file).read_bytes()
+
+    hex_string = "".join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in wasm_bytes)
+
+    # Generate JavaScript module
+    js_content = JS_TEMPLATE.format(
+        function_name=function_name, hex_string=hex_string
+    )
+    Path(output_file).write_text(js_content)
+
+    print(
+        f"Successfully compiled {input_file} and generated {output_file}"
+    )
+    return 0
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Compile WebAssembly text files using wasm-as"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("input_file", help="Input .wat file to compile")
+    parser.add_argument("output_file", help="Output file name")
+    parser.add_argument("function_name", help="Name of the export function")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    return prepare_wasm(args.input_file, args.output_file, args.function_name)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())