python
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
@@ -1972,6 +1972,26 @@ def testfunc(n):
         assert ex is not None
         """))
 
+    def test_interpreter_finalization_with_generator_alive(self):
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", textwrap.dedent("""
+            import sys
+            t = tuple(range(%d))
+            def simple_for():
+                for x in t:
+                    x
+
+            def gen():
+                try:
+                    yield
+                except:
+                    simple_for()
+
+            sys.settrace(lambda *args: None)
+            simple_for()
+            g = gen()
+            next(g)
+        """ % _testinternalcapi.SPECIALIZATION_THRESHOLD))
+
 
 def global_identity(x):
     return x

@@ -116,7 +116,14 @@ _PyOptimizer_Optimize(
     _PyExecutorObject **executor_ptr, int chain_depth)
 {
     _PyStackRef *stack_pointer = frame->stackpointer;
-    assert(_PyInterpreterState_GET()->jit);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    if (!interp->jit) {
+        // gh-140936: It is possible that interp->jit will become false during
+        // interpreter finalization. However, the specialized JUMP_BACKWARD_JIT
+        // instruction may still be present. In this case, we should
+        // return immediately without optimization.
+        return 0;
+    }
     // The first executor in a chain and the MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH'th executor *must*
     // make progress in order to avoid infinite loops or excessively-long
     // side-exit chains. We can only insert the executor into the bytecode if