python
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_thread_local_bytecode.py b/Lib/test/test_thread_local_bytecode.py
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ def f(a, b, q=None):
         """)
         assert_python_ok("-X", "tlbc=1", "-c", code)
 
-    @support.skip_if_sanitizer("gh-129752: data race on adaptive counter", thread=True)
     def test_no_copies_if_tlbc_disabled(self):
         code = textwrap.dedent("""
         import queue

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-11-01-45-24.gh-issue-129752.Zo3OUx.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-11-01-45-24.gh-issue-129752.Zo3OUx.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Don't update adaptive counters in the free-threaded build when thread-local
+bytecode is disabled (``-X tlbc=0``). Patch by Donghee Na.
@@ -285,6 +285,25 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
 #define ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(COUNTER) \
     backoff_counter_triggers(forge_backoff_counter((COUNTER)))
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+/* Counters are unreachable when thread-local bytecode is disabled,
+ * so there is no need to update them. */
+#define ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) \
+    do { \
+        _Py_BackoffCounter cnt = (COUNTER); \
+        if (!is_unreachable_backoff_counter(cnt)) { \
+            (COUNTER) = advance_backoff_counter(cnt); \
+        } \
+    } while (0);
+
+#define PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) \
+    do { \
+        _Py_BackoffCounter cnt = (COUNTER); \
+        if (!is_unreachable_backoff_counter(cnt)) { \
+            (COUNTER) = pause_backoff_counter(cnt); \
+        } \
+    } while (0);
+#else
 #define ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(COUNTER) \
     do { \
         (COUNTER) = advance_backoff_counter((COUNTER)); \
@@ -294,6 +313,7 @@ GETITEM(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t i) {
     do { \
         (COUNTER) = pause_backoff_counter((COUNTER)); \
     } while (0);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT
 /* Multiple threads may execute these concurrently if thread-local bytecode is
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		Don't update adaptive counters in the free-threaded build when thread-local
		bytecode is disabled (``-X tlbc=0``). Patch by Donghee Na.