@@ -346,18 +346,28 @@ jobs:
         run: python3 Platforms/Android ci --fast-ci ${{ matrix.arch }}-linux-android
 
   build-ios:
-    name: iOS
+    name: >-
+      iOS
+      ${{ fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)' || '' }}
     needs: build-context
     if: needs.build-context.outputs.run-ios == 'true'
     timeout-minutes: 60
     runs-on: macos-26
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        free-threading:
+        - false
+        - true
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build and test
-        run: python3 Platforms/Apple ci iOS --fast-ci
+        run: >-
+          python3 Platforms/Apple ci iOS --fast-ci
+          ${{ fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '--abiflags t' || '' }}
 
   build-emscripten:
     name: 'Emscripten'

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ Lib/test/data/*
 Apple/iOS/Frameworks/
 Apple/iOS/Resources/Info.plist
 Apple/testbed/build
-Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/*/bin
-Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/*/include
-Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/*/lib
-Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/*/Python.framework
+Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python*.xcframework/*/bin
+Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python*.xcframework/*/include
+Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python*.xcframework/*/lib
+Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python*.xcframework/*/Python*.framework
 Apple/testbed/*Testbed.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace
 Apple/testbed/*Testbed.xcodeproj/xcuserdata
 Mac/Makefile

@@ -2286,7 +2286,9 @@ testuniversal: all
 # Run the test suite on the iOS simulator. Must be run on a macOS machine with
 # a full Xcode install that has an iPhone SE (3rd edition) simulator available.
 # This must be run *after* a `make install` has completed the build. The
-# `--with-framework-name` argument *cannot* be used when configuring the build.
+# testbed is configured for the framework name used to configure the build;
+# that name is expected to be `Python`, optionally followed by uppercased ABI
+# flags (e.g., `PythonT`).
 XCFOLDER:=iOSTestbed.$(MULTIARCH).$(shell date +%s).$$PPID
 .PHONY: testios
 testios:
@@ -2298,10 +2300,6 @@ testios:
 		echo "Cannot run the iOS testbed for non-simulator builds."; \
 		exit 1;\
 	fi
-	@if test $(PYTHONFRAMEWORK) != "Python"; then \
-		echo "Cannot run the iOS testbed with a non-default framework name."; \
-		exit 1;\
-	fi
 	@if ! test -d $(PYTHONFRAMEWORKPREFIX); then \
 		echo "Cannot find a finalized iOS Python.framework. Have you run 'make install' to finalize the framework build?"; \
 		exit 1;\

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tools-Demos/2026-10-14-09-48-26.gh-issue-159385.0aWOA9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tools-Demos/2026-10-14-09-48-26.gh-issue-159385.0aWOA9.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+iOS builds can now be configured to generate free-threading or debug output.
@@ -77,6 +77,45 @@
     },
 }
 
+# The configure arguments needed to produce each ABI flag. Flags are listed in
+# the order that configure adds them to ABIFLAGS; any `--abiflags` value must
+# use the same order.
+ABIFLAG_CONFIGURE_ARGS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+    "t": ["--disable-gil"],
+    "d": ["--with-pydebug"],
+}
+
+
+def validate_abiflags(value: str) -> str:
+    """Validate an `--abiflags` value (for use as an argparse type)."""
+    known = "".join(ABIFLAG_CONFIGURE_ARGS)
+    for flag in value:
+        if flag not in ABIFLAG_CONFIGURE_ARGS:
+            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+                f"unknown ABI flag {flag!r} (known flags: {known!r})"
+            )
+    positions = [known.index(flag) for flag in value]
+    if positions != sorted(set(positions)):
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f"ABI flags must be unique, and in the order {known!r}"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def framework_name(abiflags: str) -> str:
+    """The name of the Python framework for the given ABI flags."""
+    return f"Python{abiflags.upper()}"
+
+
+def abiflag_configure_args(abiflags: str) -> list[str]:
+    """The configure arguments needed to produce the given ABI flags."""
+    return [arg for flag in abiflags for arg in ABIFLAG_CONFIGURE_ARGS[flag]]
+
+
+def cross_build_dir(base: Path, abiflags: str) -> Path:
+    """The cross-build directory for the given base and ABI flags."""
+    return base.with_name(f"{base.name}-{abiflags}") if abiflags else base
+
 
 def subdir(name: str, create: bool = False) -> Path:
     """Ensure that a cross-build directory for the given name exists."""
@@ -258,6 +297,7 @@ def configure_build_python(context: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
         cwd(subdir("build", create=True)),
     ):
         command = [relpath(PYTHON_DIR / "configure")]
+        command.extend(abiflag_configure_args(context.abiflags))
         if context.args:
             command.extend(context.args)
         run(command)
@@ -420,6 +460,11 @@ def configure_host_python(
             f"LIBZSTD_CFLAGS=-I{prefix_dir}/include",
             f"LIBZSTD_LIBS=-L{prefix_dir}/lib -lzstd",
         ]
+        command.extend(abiflag_configure_args(context.abiflags))
+        if context.abiflags:
+            command.append(
+                f"--with-framework-name={framework_name(context.abiflags)}"
+            )
 
         if context.args:
             command.extend(context.args)
@@ -521,11 +566,16 @@ def lib_non_platform_files(dirname, names):
         return set()
 
 
-def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
+def create_xcframework(platform: str, abiflags: str) -> str:
     """Build an XCframework from the component parts for the platform.
 
+    :param platform: The platform being packaged (e.g., iOS).
+    :param abiflags: The ABI flags of the build (e.g., "t").
     :return: The version number of the Python version that was packaged.
     """
+    fw_name = framework_name(abiflags)
+    # The stdlib directory only carries the threading ABI flag.
+    abi_thread = "t" if "t" in abiflags else ""
     package_path = CROSS_BUILD_DIR / platform
     try:
         package_path.mkdir()
@@ -547,7 +597,7 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
         first_host_triple, first_multiarch = next(iter(slice_parts.items()))
         first_framework = (
             framework_path(first_host_triple, first_multiarch)
-            / "Python.framework"
+            / f"{fw_name}.framework"
         )
 
         if len(slice_parts) == 1:
@@ -557,7 +607,7 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
         else:
             print(f"Merging framework for {slice_name}...")
             slice_path = CROSS_BUILD_DIR / slice_name
-            slice_framework = slice_path / "Python.framework"
+            slice_framework = slice_path / f"{fw_name}.framework"
             slice_framework.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
 
             # Copy the Info.plist
@@ -574,11 +624,11 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
 
             # Create the "fat" library binary for the slice
             run(
-                ["lipo", "-create", "-output", slice_framework / "Python"]
+                ["lipo", "-create", "-output", slice_framework / fw_name]
                 + [
                     (
                         framework_path(host_triple, multiarch)
-                        / "Python.framework/Python"
+                        / f"{fw_name}.framework/{fw_name}"
                     )
                     for host_triple, multiarch in slice_parts.items()
                 ]
@@ -593,15 +643,15 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
         "xcodebuild",
         "-create-xcframework",
         "-output",
-        package_path / "Python.xcframework",
+        package_path / f"{fw_name}.xcframework",
     ]
     for framework in frameworks:
         cmd.extend(["-framework", framework])
 
     run(cmd)
 
     # Extract the package version from the merged framework
-    version = package_version(package_path / "Python.xcframework")
+    version = package_version(package_path / f"{fw_name}.xcframework")
     version_tag = ".".join(version.split(".")[:2])
 
     # On non-macOS platforms, each framework in XCframework only contains the
@@ -616,10 +666,10 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
         # host frameworks as the source for the merged version.
         first_host_triple, first_multiarch = next(iter(slice_parts.items()))
         first_path = framework_path(first_host_triple, first_multiarch)
-        first_framework = first_path / "Python.framework"
+        first_framework = first_path / f"{fw_name}.framework"
 
-        slice_path = package_path / f"Python.xcframework/{slice_name}"
-        slice_framework = slice_path / "Python.framework"
+        slice_path = package_path / f"{fw_name}.xcframework/{slice_name}"
+        slice_framework = slice_path / f"{fw_name}.framework"
 
         # Copy the binary helpers
         print(f" - {slice_name} binaries")
@@ -641,9 +691,9 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
 
         print(f" - {slice_name} shared library")
         # Create a simlink for the fat library
-        shared_lib = slice_path / f"lib/libpython{version_tag}.dylib"
+        shared_lib = slice_path / f"lib/libpython{version_tag}{abiflags}.dylib"
         shared_lib.parent.mkdir()
-        shared_lib.symlink_to("../Python.framework/Python")
+        shared_lib.symlink_to(f"../{fw_name}.framework/{fw_name}")
 
         print(f" - {slice_name} architecture-specific files")
         for host_triple, multiarch in slice_parts.items():
@@ -654,7 +704,7 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
                 print("     - using this architecture as the common stdlib")
                 shutil.copytree(
                     framework_path(host_triple, multiarch) / "lib",
-                    package_path / "Python.xcframework/lib",
+                    package_path / f"{fw_name}.xcframework/lib",
                     ignore=lib_platform_files,
                     symlinks=True,
                 )
@@ -675,7 +725,7 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
                 / "Platforms/Apple/iOS/Frameworks"
                 / multiarch
             )
-            host_framework = host_path / "Python.framework"
+            host_framework = host_path / f"{fw_name}.framework"
             shutil.copy(
                 host_framework / "Headers/pyconfig.h",
                 slice_framework / f"Headers/pyconfig-{arch}.h",
@@ -696,14 +746,17 @@ def create_xcframework(platform: str) -> str:
                 shutil.copy(
                     xcprivacy_file[lib],
                     slice_path
-                    / f"lib-{arch}/python{version_tag}"
+                    / f"lib-{arch}/python{version_tag}{abi_thread}"
                     / f"lib-dynload/{module}.xcprivacy",
                 )
 
     print(" - build tools")
     shutil.copytree(
-        PYTHON_DIR / "Platforms/Apple/testbed/Python.xcframework/build",
-        package_path / "Python.xcframework/build",
+        PYTHON_DIR
+        / "Platforms/Apple/testbed"
+        / "Python.xcframework"
+        / "build",
+        package_path / f"{fw_name}.xcframework/build",
     )
 
     return version
@@ -716,7 +769,8 @@ def package(context: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
 
     with group("Building package"):
         # Create an XCframework
-        version = create_xcframework(context.platform)
+        version = create_xcframework(context.platform, context.abiflags)
+        fw_name = framework_name(context.abiflags)
 
         # Clone testbed
         print()
@@ -727,15 +781,18 @@ def package(context: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
             "--platform",
             context.platform,
             "--framework",
-            CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.platform / "Python.xcframework",
+            CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.platform / f"{fw_name}.xcframework",
             CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.platform / "testbed",
         ])
 
         # Build the final archive
         archive_name = (
             CROSS_BUILD_DIR
             / "dist"
-            / f"python-{version}-{context.platform}-XCframework"
+            / (
+                f"python-{version}{context.abiflags}"
+                f"-{context.platform}-XCframework"
+            )
         )
 
         print()
@@ -799,7 +856,9 @@ def test(context: argparse.Namespace, host: str | None = None) -> None:  # noqa:
         )
         if host in {"all", "hosts"}:
             framework_path = (
-                CROSS_BUILD_DIR / context.platform / "Python.xcframework"
+                CROSS_BUILD_DIR
+                / context.platform
+                / f"{framework_name(context.abiflags)}.xcframework"
             )
         else:
             build_arch = platform.machine()
@@ -974,7 +1033,7 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
             ),
         )
 
-    # --cross-build-dir argument
+    # --cross-build-dir and --abiflags arguments
     for cmd in [
         clean,
         configure_build,
@@ -994,9 +1053,20 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
             dest="cross_build_dir",
             type=Path,
             help=(
-                "Path to the cross-build directory "
+                "Base path of the cross-build directory "
                 f"(default: {CROSS_BUILD_DIR}). Can also be set "
-                "with the CROSS_BUILD_DIR environment variable."
+                "with the CROSS_BUILD_DIR environment variable. If "
+                "--abiflags is specified, '-<abiflags>' is appended."
+            ),
+        )
+        cmd.add_argument(
+            "--abiflags",
+            default="",
+            type=validate_abiflags,
+            help=(
+                "The ABI flags of the build: 't' (free-threaded; "
+                "--disable-gil), 'd' (debug; --with-pydebug), or 'td' (both). "
+                "Defaults to '' (a standard build)."
             ),
         )
 
@@ -1082,10 +1152,12 @@ def signal_handler(*args):
     # Process command line arguments
     context = parse_args()
 
-    # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR if an argument was provided
+    # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR, using any provided base directory, plus any ABI
+    # flags as a suffix.
+    global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
     if context.cross_build_dir:
-        global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
         CROSS_BUILD_DIR = context.cross_build_dir.resolve()
+    CROSS_BUILD_DIR = cross_build_dir(CROSS_BUILD_DIR, context.abiflags)
 
     dispatch: dict[str, Callable] = {
         "clean": clean,
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1 @@
		iOS builds can now be configured to generate free-threading or debug output.