python
diff --git a/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h b/Include/cpython/unicodeobject.h
@@ -1016,6 +1016,9 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_FromId(_Py_Identifier*);
    and where the hash values are equal (i.e. a very probable match) */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_EQ(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
+/* Equality check. Returns -1 on failure. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_WideCharString_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_WideCharString_Opt_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
 

diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ typedef struct {
     uint16_t defaults_len;
 } _PyCallCache;
 
+
 /* Add specialized versions of entries to this union.
  *
  * Do not break the invariant: sizeof(SpecializedCacheEntry) == 8
@@ -272,6 +273,7 @@ int _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub, _Py_CODEUNIT
 int _Py_Specialize_CallFunction(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs, SpecializedCacheEntry *cache, PyObject *builtins);
 void _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
                              SpecializedCacheEntry *cache);
+void _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, SpecializedCacheEntry *cache);
 
 #define PRINT_SPECIALIZATION_STATS 0
 #define PRINT_SPECIALIZATION_STATS_DETAILED 0

diff --git a/Include/opcode.h b/Include/opcode.h
diff --git a/Lib/opcode.py b/Lib/opcode.py
@@ -233,6 +233,10 @@ def jabs_op(name, op):
     "BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT",
     "BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT",
     "BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT",
+    "COMPARE_OP_ADAPTIVE",
+    "COMPARE_OP_FLOAT_JUMP",
+    "COMPARE_OP_INT_JUMP",
+    "COMPARE_OP_STR_JUMP",
     "BINARY_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE",
     "BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM",
     "BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT",

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2021-11-23-21-01-56.bpo-45885.3IxeCX.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2021-11-23-21-01-56.bpo-45885.3IxeCX.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Specialized the ``COMPARE_OP`` opcode using the PEP 659 machinery.
diff --git a/Objects/unicodeobject.c b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
@@ -11168,6 +11168,20 @@ unicode_compare_eq(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
     return (cmp == 0);
 }
 
+int
+_PyUnicode_Equal(PyObject *str1, PyObject *str2)
+{
+    assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(str1));
+    assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(str2));
+    if (str1 == str2) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(str1) || PyUnicode_READY(str2)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return unicode_compare_eq(str1, str2);
+}
+
 
 int
 PyUnicode_Compare(PyObject *left, PyObject *right)

@@ -3670,6 +3670,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(COMPARE_OP) {
+            PREDICTED(COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, unquickened);
             assert(oparg <= Py_GE);
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
@@ -3684,6 +3686,125 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            SpecializedCacheEntry *cache = GET_CACHE();
+            if (cache->adaptive.counter == 0) {
+                PyObject *right = TOP();
+                PyObject *left = SECOND();
+                next_instr--;
+                _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, cache);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
+                cache->adaptive.counter--;
+                oparg = cache->adaptive.original_oparg;
+                STAT_DEC(COMPARE_OP, unquickened);
+                JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(COMPARE_OP);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (float ? float) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
+            int when_to_jump_mask = caches[0].adaptive.index;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
+            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
+            int sign = (dleft > dright) - (dleft < dright);
+            DEOPT_IF(isnan(dleft), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(isnan(dright), COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            int jump = (1 << (sign + 1)) & when_to_jump_mask;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPTO(oparg);
+                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_INT_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (int ? int) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
+            int when_to_jump_mask = caches[0].adaptive.index;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF((size_t)(Py_SIZE(left) + 1) > 2, COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF((size_t)(Py_SIZE(right) + 1) > 2, COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            assert(Py_ABS(Py_SIZE(left)) <= 1 && Py_ABS(Py_SIZE(right)) <= 1);
+            Py_ssize_t ileft = Py_SIZE(left) * ((PyLongObject *)left)->ob_digit[0];
+            Py_ssize_t iright = Py_SIZE(right) * ((PyLongObject *)right)->ob_digit[0];
+            int sign = (ileft > iright) - (ileft < iright);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            int jump = (1 << (sign + 1)) & when_to_jump_mask;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPTO(oparg);
+                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_STR_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (str == str or str != str) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
+            int invert = caches[0].adaptive.index;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            int res = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
+            if (res < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            assert(caches[0].adaptive.original_oparg == Py_EQ ||
+                   caches[0].adaptive.original_oparg == Py_NE);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            assert(res == 0 || res == 1);
+            assert(invert == 0 || invert == 1);
+            int jump = res ^ invert;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPTO(oparg);
+                CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+                NOTRACE_DISPATCH();
+            }
+        }
+
         TARGET(IS_OP) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
@@ -4970,6 +5091,7 @@ MISS_WITH_CACHE(LOAD_GLOBAL)
 MISS_WITH_CACHE(LOAD_METHOD)
 MISS_WITH_CACHE(CALL_FUNCTION)
 MISS_WITH_CACHE(BINARY_OP)
+MISS_WITH_CACHE(COMPARE_OP)
 MISS_WITH_CACHE(BINARY_SUBSCR)
 MISS_WITH_OPARG_COUNTER(STORE_SUBSCR)
 

diff --git a/Python/opcode_targets.h b/Python/opcode_targets.h
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1 @@
		Specialized the ``COMPARE_OP`` opcode using the PEP 659 machinery.