scroll-tech
diff --git a/common/version/version.go b/common/version/version.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime/debug"
 )
 
-var tag = "v4.5.39"
+var tag = "v4.5.40"
 
 var commit = func() string {
 	if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok {

diff --git a/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/l2_relayer_sanity.go b/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/l2_relayer_sanity.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec/encoding"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
@@ -16,17 +17,20 @@ import (
 // transaction data (calldata and blobs) by parsing them and comparing against database records.
 // This ensures the constructed transaction data is correct and consistent with the database state.
 func (r *Layer2Relayer) sanityChecksCommitBatchCodecV7CalldataAndBlobs(calldata []byte, blobs []*kzg4844.Blob) error {
-	calldataInfo, err := r.parseCommitBatchesCalldata(calldata)
+	if r.l1RollupABI == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("l1RollupABI is nil: cannot parse commitBatches calldata")
+	}
+	calldataInfo, err := parseCommitBatchesCalldata(r.l1RollupABI, calldata)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse calldata: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	batchesToValidate, err := r.getBatchesFromCalldata(calldataInfo)
+	batchesToValidate, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers, err := r.getBatchesFromCalldata(calldataInfo)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get batches from database: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := r.validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo, blobs, batchesToValidate); err != nil {
+	if err := r.validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo, blobs, batchesToValidate, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("calldata and blobs validation failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -45,8 +49,8 @@ type CalldataInfo struct {
 }
 
 // parseCommitBatchesCalldata parses the commitBatches calldata and extracts key information
-func (r *Layer2Relayer) parseCommitBatchesCalldata(calldata []byte) (*CalldataInfo, error) {
-	method := r.l1RollupABI.Methods["commitBatches"]
+func parseCommitBatchesCalldata(abi *abi.ABI, calldata []byte) (*CalldataInfo, error) {
+	method := abi.Methods["commitBatches"]
 	decoded, err := method.Inputs.Unpack(calldata[4:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unpack commitBatches calldata: %w", err)
@@ -81,17 +85,17 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) parseCommitBatchesCalldata(calldata []byte) (*CalldataIn
 }
 
 // getBatchesFromCalldata retrieves the relevant batches from database based on calldata information
-func (r *Layer2Relayer) getBatchesFromCalldata(info *CalldataInfo) ([]*dbBatchWithChunks, error) {
+func (r *Layer2Relayer) getBatchesFromCalldata(info *CalldataInfo) ([]*dbBatchWithChunks, map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData, error) {
 	// Get the parent batch to determine the starting point
 	parentBatch, err := r.batchOrm.GetBatchByHash(r.ctx, info.ParentBatchHash.Hex())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get parent batch by hash %s: %w", info.ParentBatchHash.Hex(), err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get parent batch by hash %s: %w", info.ParentBatchHash.Hex(), err)
 	}
 
 	// Get the last batch to determine the ending point
 	lastBatch, err := r.batchOrm.GetBatchByHash(r.ctx, info.LastBatchHash.Hex())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get last batch by hash %s: %w", info.LastBatchHash.Hex(), err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get last batch by hash %s: %w", info.LastBatchHash.Hex(), err)
 	}
 
 	// Get all batches in the range (parent+1 to last)
@@ -100,29 +104,59 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) getBatchesFromCalldata(info *CalldataInfo) ([]*dbBatchWi
 
 	// Check if the range is valid
 	if firstBatchIndex > lastBatchIndex {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no batches found in range: first index %d, last index %d", firstBatchIndex, lastBatchIndex)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no batches found in range: first index %d, last index %d", firstBatchIndex, lastBatchIndex)
 	}
 
 	var batchesToValidate []*dbBatchWithChunks
+	l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers := make(map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData)
 	for batchIndex := firstBatchIndex; batchIndex <= lastBatchIndex; batchIndex++ {
 		dbBatch, err := r.batchOrm.GetBatchByIndex(r.ctx, batchIndex)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get batch by index %d: %w", batchIndex, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get batch by index %d: %w", batchIndex, err)
 		}
 
 		// Get chunks for this batch
 		dbChunks, err := r.chunkOrm.GetChunksInRange(r.ctx, dbBatch.StartChunkIndex, dbBatch.EndChunkIndex)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get chunks for batch %d: %w", batchIndex, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get chunks for batch %d: %w", batchIndex, err)
 		}
 
 		batchesToValidate = append(batchesToValidate, &dbBatchWithChunks{
 			Batch:  dbBatch,
 			Chunks: dbChunks,
 		})
-	}
 
-	return batchesToValidate, nil
+		// If there are L1 messages in this batch, retrieve L1 messages with block numbers
+		for _, chunk := range dbChunks {
+			if chunk.TotalL1MessagesPoppedInChunk > 0 {
+				blockWithL1Messages, err := r.l2BlockOrm.GetL2BlocksInRange(r.ctx, chunk.StartBlockNumber, chunk.EndBlockNumber)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get L2 blocks for chunk %d: %w", chunk.Index, err)
+				}
+				var l1MessagesCount uint64
+				for _, block := range blockWithL1Messages {
+					bn := block.Header.Number.Uint64()
+					seenL2 := false
+					for _, tx := range block.Transactions {
+						if tx.Type == types.L1MessageTxType {
+							if seenL2 {
+								// Invariant violated: found an L1 message after an L2 transaction in the same block.
+								return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("L1 message after L2 transaction in block %d", bn)
+							}
+							l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers[bn] = append(l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers[bn], tx)
+							l1MessagesCount++
+						} else {
+							seenL2 = true
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if chunk.TotalL1MessagesPoppedInChunk != l1MessagesCount {
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("chunk %d has inconsistent L1 messages count: expected %d, got %d", chunk.Index, chunk.TotalL1MessagesPoppedInChunk, l1MessagesCount)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return batchesToValidate, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers, nil
 }
 
 // validateDatabaseConsistency performs comprehensive validation of database records
@@ -299,7 +333,7 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateSingleChunkConsistency(chunk *orm.Chunk, prevChu
 }
 
 // validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase validates calldata and blobs against database records
-func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo *CalldataInfo, blobs []*kzg4844.Blob, batchesToValidate []*dbBatchWithChunks) error {
+func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo *CalldataInfo, blobs []*kzg4844.Blob, batchesToValidate []*dbBatchWithChunks, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData) error {
 	// Validate blobs
 	if len(blobs) == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no blobs provided")
@@ -338,7 +372,7 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo *Ca
 	// Validate each blob against its corresponding batch
 	for i, blob := range blobs {
 		dbBatch := batchesToValidate[i].Batch
-		if err := r.validateSingleBlobAgainstBatch(blob, dbBatch, codec); err != nil {
+		if err := r.validateSingleBlobAgainstBatch(blob, dbBatch, codec, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("blob validation failed for batch %d: %w", dbBatch.Index, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -347,15 +381,15 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateCalldataAndBlobsAgainstDatabase(calldataInfo *Ca
 }
 
 // validateSingleBlobAgainstBatch validates a single blob against its batch data
-func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateSingleBlobAgainstBatch(blob *kzg4844.Blob, dbBatch *orm.Batch, codec encoding.Codec) error {
+func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateSingleBlobAgainstBatch(blob *kzg4844.Blob, dbBatch *orm.Batch, codec encoding.Codec, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData) error {
 	// Decode blob payload
 	payload, err := codec.DecodeBlob(blob)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode blob: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Validate batch hash
-	daBatch, err := assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload, dbBatch, codec)
+	daBatch, err := assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload, dbBatch, codec, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to assemble batch from payload: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -401,8 +435,8 @@ func (r *Layer2Relayer) validateMessageQueueConsistency(batchIndex uint64, chunk
 	return nil
 }
 
-func assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload, dbBatch *orm.Batch, codec encoding.Codec) (encoding.DABatch, error) {
-	blocks, err := assembleBlocksFromPayload(payload)
+func assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload, dbBatch *orm.Batch, codec encoding.Codec, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData) (encoding.DABatch, error) {
+	blocks, err := assembleBlocksFromPayload(payload, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to assemble blocks from payload batch_index=%d codec_version=%d parent_batch_hash=%s: %w", dbBatch.Index, dbBatch.CodecVersion, dbBatch.ParentBatchHash, err)
 	}
@@ -427,7 +461,7 @@ func assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload, dbBatch *orm.Bat
 	return daBatch, nil
 }
 
-func assembleBlocksFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload) ([]*encoding.Block, error) {
+func assembleBlocksFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData) ([]*encoding.Block, error) {
 	daBlocks := payload.Blocks()
 	txns := payload.Transactions()
 	if len(daBlocks) != len(txns) {
@@ -442,8 +476,12 @@ func assembleBlocksFromPayload(payload encoding.DABlobPayload) ([]*encoding.Bloc
 				BaseFee:  daBlocks[i].BaseFee(),
 				GasLimit: daBlocks[i].GasLimit(),
 			},
-			Transactions: encoding.TxsToTxsData(txns[i]),
 		}
+		// Ensure per-block ordering: [L1 messages][L2 transactions]. Prepend L1 messages (if any), then append L2 transactions.
+		if l1Messages, ok := l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers[daBlocks[i].Number()]; ok {
+			blocks[i].Transactions = l1Messages
+		}
+		blocks[i].Transactions = append(blocks[i].Transactions, encoding.TxsToTxsData(txns[i])...)
 	}
 	return blocks, nil
 }
diff --git a/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/l2_relayer_sanity_test.go b/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/l2_relayer_sanity_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package relayer
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec/encoding"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
+
+	bridgeabi "scroll-tech/rollup/abi"
+	"scroll-tech/rollup/internal/orm"
+)
+
+func TestAssembleDABatch(t *testing.T) {
+	calldataHex := "0x9bbaa2ba0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008146793a7d71663cd87ec9713f72242a3798d5e801050130a3e16efaa09fb803e58af2593dadc8b9fff75a2d27199cb97ec115bade109b8d691a512608ef180eb"
+	blobsPath := filepath.Join("../../../testdata", "commit_batches_blobs.json")
+
+	calldata, err := hexutil.Decode(strings.TrimSpace(calldataHex))
+	assert.NoErrorf(t, err, "failed to decode calldata: %s", calldataHex)
+
+	blobs, err := loadBlobsFromJSON(blobsPath)
+	assert.NoErrorf(t, err, "failed to read blobs: %s", blobsPath)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, blobs, "no blobs provided")
+
+	info, err := parseCommitBatchesCalldata(bridgeabi.ScrollChainABI, calldata)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	codec, err := encoding.CodecFromVersion(encoding.CodecVersion(info.Version))
+	assert.NoErrorf(t, err, "failed to get codec from version %d", info.Version)
+
+	parentBatchHash := info.ParentBatchHash
+	index := uint64(113571)
+
+	t.Logf("calldata parsed: version=%d parentBatchHash=%s lastBatchHash=%s blobs=%d", info.Version, info.ParentBatchHash.Hex(), info.LastBatchHash.Hex(), len(blobs))
+
+	fromAddr := common.HexToAddress("0x61d8d3e7f7c656493d1d76aaa1a836cedfcbc27b")
+	toAddr := common.HexToAddress("0xba50f5340fb9f3bd074bd638c9be13ecb36e603d")
+	l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers := map[uint64][]*types.TransactionData{
+		11488527: {
+			&types.TransactionData{
+				Type:  types.L1MessageTxType,
+				Nonce: 1072515,
+				Gas:   340000,
+				To:    &toAddr,
+				Value: (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(0)),
+				Data:  "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",
+				From:  fromAddr,
+			},
+		},
+		11488622: {
+			&types.TransactionData{
+				Type:  types.L1MessageTxType,
+				Nonce: 1072516,
+				Gas:   340000,
+				To:    &toAddr,
+				Value: (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(0)),
+				Data:  "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",
+				From:  fromAddr,
+			},
+		},
+		11489190: {
+			&types.TransactionData{
+				Type:  types.L1MessageTxType,
+				Nonce: 1072517,
+				Gas:   168000,
+				To:    &toAddr,
+				Value: (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(0)),
+				Data:  "0x8ef1332e0000000000000000000000003b1399523f819ea4c4d3e76dddefaf4226c6ba570000000000000000000000003b1399523f819ea4c4d3e76dddefaf4226c6ba5700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000027100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105d8500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+				From:  fromAddr,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, blob := range blobs {
+		payload, decErr := codec.DecodeBlob(blob)
+		assert.NoErrorf(t, decErr, "blob[%d] decode failed", i)
+		if decErr != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		dbBatch := &orm.Batch{
+			Index:           index,
+			ParentBatchHash: parentBatchHash.Hex(),
+		}
+
+		daBatch, asmErr := assembleDABatchFromPayload(payload, dbBatch, codec, l1MessagesWithBlockNumbers)
+		assert.NoErrorf(t, asmErr, "blob[%d] assemble failed", i)
+		if asmErr == nil {
+			t.Logf("blob[%d] DABatch hash=%s", i, daBatch.Hash().Hex())
+		}
+
+		index += 1
+		parentBatchHash = daBatch.Hash()
+	}
+}
+
+func loadBlobsFromJSON(path string) ([]*kzg4844.Blob, error) {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var arr []hexutil.Bytes
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &arr); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid JSON; expect [\"0x...\"] array: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*kzg4844.Blob, 0, len(arr))
+	var empty kzg4844.Blob
+	want := len(empty)
+
+	for i, b := range arr {
+		if len(b) != want {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("blob[%d] length mismatch: got %d, want %d", i, len(b), want)
+		}
+		blob := new(kzg4844.Blob)
+		copy(blob[:], b)
+		out = append(out, blob)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/rollup/testdata/commit_batches_blobs.json b/rollup/testdata/commit_batches_blobs.json