testcontainers
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
-ARG PYTHON_VERSION
-FROM python:${version}-slim-bookworm
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.10
+FROM python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bookworm
+
+ENV POETRY_NO_INTERACTION=1 \
+    POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=1 \
+    POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_CREATE=1 \
+    POETRY_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/poetry_cache
 
 WORKDIR /workspace
 RUN pip install --upgrade pip \
     && apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y \
-        freetds-dev \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    && apt-get install -y freetds-dev \
+    && apt-get install -y make \
+    # no real need for keeping this image small at the moment
+    && :; # rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# install poetry
+RUN bash -c 'python -m venv /opt/poetry-venv && source $_/bin/activate && pip install poetry && ln -s $(which poetry) /usr/bin'
 
-# install requirements we exported from poetry
-COPY build/requirements.txt requirements.txt
-RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
+# install dependencies with poetry
+COPY pyproject.toml .
+COPY poetry.lock .
+RUN poetry install --all-extras --with dev --no-root
 
 # copy project source
 COPY . .
+
+# install project with poetry
+RUN poetry install --all-extras --with dev
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ lint:  ## Lint all files in the project, which we also run in pre-commit
 	poetry run pre-commit run -a
 
 image: ## Make the docker image for dind tests
-	poetry export -f requirements.txt -o build/requirements.txt
 	docker build --build-arg PYTHON_VERSION=${PYTHON_VERSION} -t ${IMAGE} .
 
 DOCKER_RUN = docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

diff --git a/core/testcontainers/core/config.py b/core/testcontainers/core/config.py
@@ -1,10 +1,29 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum
 from logging import warning
 from os import environ
 from os.path import exists
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
+
+class ConnectionMode(Enum):
+    bridge_ip = "bridge_ip"
+    gateway_ip = "gateway_ip"
+    docker_host = "docker_host"
+
+    @property
+    def use_mapped_port(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if we need to use mapped port for this connection
+
+        This is true for everything but bridge mode.
+        """
+        if self == self.bridge_ip:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
 MAX_TRIES = int(environ.get("TC_MAX_TRIES", 120))
 SLEEP_TIME = int(environ.get("TC_POOLING_INTERVAL", 1))
 TIMEOUT = MAX_TRIES * SLEEP_TIME
@@ -20,6 +39,19 @@
 TC_GLOBAL = Path.home() / TC_FILE
 
 
+def get_user_overwritten_connection_mode() -> Optional[ConnectionMode]:
+    """
+    Return the user overwritten connection mode.
+    """
+    connection_mode: str | None = environ.get("TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE")
+    if connection_mode:
+        try:
+            return ConnectionMode(connection_mode)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Error parsing TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE: {e}") from e
+    return None
+
+
 def read_tc_properties() -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Read the .testcontainers.properties for settings. (see the Java implementation for details)
@@ -54,6 +86,8 @@ class TestcontainersConfiguration:
     tc_properties: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=read_tc_properties)
     _docker_auth_config: Optional[str] = field(default_factory=lambda: environ.get("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG"))
     tc_host_override: Optional[str] = TC_HOST_OVERRIDE
+    connection_mode_override: Optional[ConnectionMode] = None
+
     """
     https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/blob/dd76d1e39c654433a3d80429690d07abcec04424/docker.go#L644
     if os env TC_HOST is set, use it

diff --git a/core/testcontainers/core/container.py b/core/testcontainers/core/container.py
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 import contextlib
-from platform import system
 from socket import socket
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
 
 import docker.errors
 from docker import version
 from docker.types import EndpointConfig
-from typing_extensions import Self
+from typing_extensions import Self, assert_never
 
+from testcontainers.core.config import ConnectionMode
 from testcontainers.core.config import testcontainers_config as c
 from testcontainers.core.docker_client import DockerClient
 from testcontainers.core.exceptions import ContainerStartException
 from testcontainers.core.labels import LABEL_SESSION_ID, SESSION_ID
 from testcontainers.core.network import Network
-from testcontainers.core.utils import inside_container, is_arm, setup_logger
+from testcontainers.core.utils import is_arm, setup_logger
 from testcontainers.core.waiting_utils import wait_container_is_ready, wait_for_logs
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -129,38 +129,23 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
         self.stop()
 
     def get_container_host_ip(self) -> str:
-        # infer from docker host
-        host = self.get_docker_client().host()
-        if not host:
-            return "localhost"
-        # see https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-python/issues/415
-        if host == "localnpipe" and system() == "Windows":
-            return "localhost"
-
-        # # check testcontainers itself runs inside docker container
-        # if inside_container() and not os.getenv("DOCKER_HOST") and not host.startswith("http://"):
-        #     # If newly spawned container's gateway IP address from the docker
-        #     # "bridge" network is equal to detected host address, we should use
-        #     # container IP address, otherwise fall back to detected host
-        #     # address. Even it's inside container, we need to double check,
-        #     # because docker host might be set to docker:dind, usually in CI/CD environment
-        #     gateway_ip = self.get_docker_client().gateway_ip(self._container.id)
-
-        #     if gateway_ip == host:
-        #         return self.get_docker_client().bridge_ip(self._container.id)
-        #     return gateway_ip
-        return host
+        connection_mode: ConnectionMode
+        connection_mode = self.get_docker_client().get_connection_mode()
+        if connection_mode == ConnectionMode.docker_host:
+            return self.get_docker_client().host()
+        elif connection_mode == ConnectionMode.gateway_ip:
+            return self.get_docker_client().gateway_ip(self._container.id)
+        elif connection_mode == ConnectionMode.bridge_ip:
+            return self.get_docker_client().bridge_ip(self._container.id)
+        else:
+            # ensure that we covered all possible connection_modes
+            assert_never(connection_mode)
 
     @wait_container_is_ready()
-    def get_exposed_port(self, port: int) -> str:
-        mapped_port = self.get_docker_client().port(self._container.id, port)
-        if inside_container():
-            gateway_ip = self.get_docker_client().gateway_ip(self._container.id)
-            host = self.get_docker_client().host()
-
-            if gateway_ip == host:
-                return port
-        return mapped_port
+    def get_exposed_port(self, port: int) -> int:
+        if self.get_docker_client().get_connection_mode().use_mapped_port:
+            return self.get_docker_client().port(self._container.id, port)
+        return port
 
     def with_command(self, command: str) -> Self:
         self._command = command

diff --git a/core/testcontainers/core/docker_client.py b/core/testcontainers/core/docker_client.py
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
+import contextlib
 import functools as ft
 import importlib.metadata
 import ipaddress
 import os
+import socket
 import urllib
 import urllib.parse
 from collections.abc import Iterable
@@ -24,12 +26,13 @@
 from docker.models.images import Image, ImageCollection
 from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 
+from testcontainers.core import utils
 from testcontainers.core.auth import DockerAuthInfo, parse_docker_auth_config
+from testcontainers.core.config import ConnectionMode
 from testcontainers.core.config import testcontainers_config as c
 from testcontainers.core.labels import SESSION_ID, create_labels
-from testcontainers.core.utils import default_gateway_ip, inside_container, setup_logger
 
-LOGGER = setup_logger(__name__)
+LOGGER = utils.setup_logger(__name__)
 
 _P = ParamSpec("_P")
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
@@ -127,8 +130,18 @@ def find_host_network(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """
         # If we're docker in docker running on a custom network, we need to inherit the
         # network settings, so we can access the resulting container.
+
+        # first to try to find the network the container runs in, if we can determine
+        container_id = utils.get_running_in_container_id()
+        if container_id:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                return self.network_name(container_id)
+
+        # if this results nothing, try to determine the network based on the
+        # docker_host
         try:
-            docker_host = ipaddress.IPv4Address(self.host())
+            host_ip = socket.gethostbyname(self.host())
+            docker_host = ipaddress.IPv4Address(host_ip)
             # See if we can find the host on our networks
             for network in self.client.networks.list(filters={"type": "custom"}):
                 if "IPAM" in network.attrs:
@@ -139,7 +152,7 @@ def find_host_network(self) -> Optional[str]:
                             continue
                         if docker_host in subnet:
                             return network.name
-        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+        except (ipaddress.AddressValueError, OSError):
             pass
         return None
 
@@ -187,6 +200,28 @@ def gateway_ip(self, container_id: str) -> str:
         network_name = self.network_name(container_id)
         return container["NetworkSettings"]["Networks"][network_name]["Gateway"]
 
+    def get_connection_mode(self) -> ConnectionMode:
+        """
+        Determine the connection mode.
+
+        See https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-python/issues/475#issuecomment-2407250970
+        """
+        if c.connection_mode_override:
+            return c.connection_mode_override
+        localhosts = {"localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1"}
+        if not utils.inside_container() or self.host() not in localhosts:
+            # if running not inside a container or with a non-local docker client,
+            # connect ot the docker host per default
+            return ConnectionMode.docker_host
+        elif self.find_host_network():
+            # a host network could be determined, indicator for DooD,
+            # so we should connect to the bridge_ip as the container we run in
+            # and the one we started are connected to the same network
+            # that might have no access to either docker_host or the gateway
+            return ConnectionMode.bridge_ip
+        # default for DinD
+        return ConnectionMode.gateway_ip
+
     def host(self) -> str:
         """
         Get the hostname or ip address of the docker host.
@@ -196,13 +231,15 @@ def host(self) -> str:
             return host
         try:
             url = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.client.api.base_url)
-
         except ValueError:
             return "localhost"
-        if "http" in url.scheme or "tcp" in url.scheme:
+        if "http" in url.scheme or "tcp" in url.scheme and url.hostname:
+            # see https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-python/issues/415
+            if url.hostname == "localnpipe" and utils.is_windows():
+                return "localhost"
             return url.hostname
-        if inside_container() and ("unix" in url.scheme or "npipe" in url.scheme):
-            ip_address = default_gateway_ip()
+        if utils.inside_container() and ("unix" in url.scheme or "npipe" in url.scheme):
+            ip_address = utils.default_gateway_ip()
             if ip_address:
                 return ip_address
         return "localhost"

diff --git a/core/testcontainers/core/utils.py b/core/testcontainers/core/utils.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import platform
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Final, Optional
 
 LINUX = "linux"
 MAC = "mac"
@@ -80,3 +81,20 @@ def raise_for_deprecated_parameter(kwargs: dict[Any, Any], name: str, replacemen
     if kwargs.pop(name, None):
         raise ValueError(f"Use `{replacement}` instead of `{name}`")
     return kwargs
+
+
+CGROUP_FILE: Final[Path] = Path("/proc/self/cgroup")
+
+
+def get_running_in_container_id() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Get the id of the currently running container
+    """
+    if not CGROUP_FILE.is_file():
+        return None
+    cgroup = CGROUP_FILE.read_text()
+    for line in cgroup.splitlines(keepends=False):
+        path = line.rpartition(":")[2]
+        if path.startswith("/docker"):
+            return path.removeprefix("/docker/")
+    return None
diff --git a/core/tests/conftest.py b/core/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,6 +1,35 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 from typing import Callable
+import subprocess
 from testcontainers.core.container import DockerClient
+import sys
+
+PROJECT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent.resolve()
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
+    """
+    Add configuration for custom pytest markers.
+    """
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "inside_docker_check: test used to validate DinD/DooD are working as expected",
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def python_testcontainer_image() -> str:
+    """Build an image with test containers python for DinD and DooD tests"""
+    py_version = ".".join(map(str, sys.version_info[:2]))
+    image_name = f"testcontainers-python:{py_version}"
+    subprocess.run(
+        [*("docker", "build"), *("--build-arg", f"PYTHON_VERSION={py_version}"), *("-t", image_name), "."],
+        cwd=PROJECT_DIR,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    return image_name
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

diff --git a/core/tests/test_config.py b/core/tests/test_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-from testcontainers.core.config import TestcontainersConfiguration as TCC, TC_FILE
+import pytest
+
+from testcontainers.core.config import (
+    TestcontainersConfiguration as TCC,
+    TC_FILE,
+    get_user_overwritten_connection_mode,
+    ConnectionMode,
+)
 
 from pytest import MonkeyPatch, mark, LogCaptureFixture
 
@@ -60,3 +67,20 @@ def test_timeout() -> None:
     config.max_tries = 2
     config.sleep_time = 3
     assert config.timeout == 6
+
+
+def test_invalid_connection_mode(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE", "FOOBAR")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error parsing TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE.*FOOBAR.*"):
+        get_user_overwritten_connection_mode()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode, use_mapped", (("bridge_ip", False), ("gateway_ip", True), ("docker_host", True)))
+def test_valid_connection_mode(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, mode: str, use_mapped: bool) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE", mode)
+    assert get_user_overwritten_connection_mode().use_mapped_port is use_mapped
+
+
+def test_no_connection_mode_given(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.delenv("TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE", raising=False)
+    assert get_user_overwritten_connection_mode() is None