typesafe/node-api-zig: Idiomatic Zig bindings for Node-API. · GitHub

The node-api module provides Node-API bindings for writing idiomatic Zig addons for V8-based runtimes like Node.JS or Bun. Thanks to its conventions-based approach it bridges the gap seamlessly, with almost no Node-API specific code!

• function mapping, including async support (auto-conversion to Promises)
• class mapping, incl. support for fields, instance (async) methods and satic (async) methods.
• wrapping/unwrapping of native objects instances
• memory management with convention-based init, deinit support & allocator injection
• error handling with errorunion support
• Convention-base type conversion
  • by value: through (de)serialization or various types with automatic memory management
  • by reference:
    • Zig-managed values: through pointers to (wrapped) native Zig values
    • JS-managed values: through wrappers types (NodeValue et.al.) for read/write
  • type-safe callbacks: NodeFunction(fn (u32, u32) !u32)

Install the node_api (note the underscore) dependency

> zig fetch --save https://github.com/typesafe/node-api-zig/archive/refs/tags/v0.0.4-beta.tar.gz

Add the node-api module to your library:

const std = @import("std");

pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});

    const mod = b.addModule("root", .{
        .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
        .target = target,
        .optimize = optimize,
    });

    const node_api = b.dependency("node_api", .{});
    mod.addImport("node-api", node_api.module("node-api"));

    const lib = b.addLibrary(.{
        // if Linux
        .use_llvm = true,
        .name = "my-native-node-module",
        .root_module = mod,
    });

    b.installArtifact(lib);
}

Initialize your Node-API extension:

const node_api = @import("node-api");

comptime {
    // export encrypt function (or types, or values or pointers)
    node_api.@"export"(.{ 
      .encrypt = encrypt,
      // ...
    });
}

fn encrypt(
    // serialized from JS string, borrowed memory
    value: []const u8,
    // serialized from JS object by value (use *Options for wrapped native instances)
    options: Options,
    // "injected" by convention, any memory allocated with it is freed after returning to JS
    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
) ![]const u8 {
    const res = allocator.alloc(u8, 123);

    // ...

    return res; // freed by node-api
}

Use your library as node module:

import { createRequire } from "module";
const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);

const { encrypt } = require("my-native-node-module.node");

const m = encrypt("secret", { salt: "..." });

There are 2 options to initialize a module:

• node_api.@"export": conveniant for exporting comptime values, which is very likely
• node_api.init(fn (node: NodeContext) !NodeValue): for exporting runtime values

comptime {
    node_api.register(init);
}

fn init(node: node_api.NodeContext) !?node_api.NodeValue {
    // init & return `exports` value/object/function
}

The node_api.init initialization function as well as any

Struct types, functions, fields, parameters and return values are all converted by convention. Unsupported types result in compile errors.

Function parameters and return types can be

• native Zig types (unsupported types will result in compile time errors)
• one of the NodeValue types to access values by reference.

Native values and NodeValue instance can be converted using Convert:

• nativeFromNode(comptime T: type, value: NodeValue, allocator. Allocator) T
• nodeFromNative(value: anytype) NodeValue

Arguments can be of type:

• NodeContext => will result in the injection of the current NodeContext
• allocator => will inject the (arean) allocator for the current invocation, memory is freed after returning
• native Zig type => will be deserialized
• pointer => will return the native instance of a wrapped object
• optional
• enum
• NodeXxx values for references

node.defineClass transforms a Zig struct to a JS-accessible class by convention:

comptime {
    node_api.register(init);
}

fn init(node: node_api.NodeContext) !?node_api.NodeValue {
    // epo
    return try node.serialize(.{
        .MyClass = try node.defineClass(MyClass),
    });
}

const MyClass = struct {
    Self = @This();

    field1: i32,
    field2: ?[]u8,

    pub fn init() Self {
        return .{ .field1 = 0, .field2 = null };
    }

    pub fn method1(self: Self, v: i32) !void {

    }

 }

init maps to new.

• parameters of type Self work as expected, they come from the unwrapped JS value
• you can inject the current NodeContext, simply by adding a parameter of that type
• you can pass NodeValue, NodeObject, NodeArray values parameters for by-ref semantics
• you can declare Zig types as parameters, these result in a deserialized copy
  • note that parameters that require memory allocation will be owned by the class instance (see below)

• class instances are allocated and freed automatically
  • new-ing instance (from JS) will allocate memory (and update V8 stats)
  • GC finalizers will automatically free the memory (and update V8 stats)
• Zig type arguments that require allocations are "owned by the instance"
  • when the are store as field values the will be freed as part of the finalization process
    • existing field values must be freed manually when they are overwritten!

/*

Scenarios:

native (wrapped) instance lifecycle:

• new in JS -> finalize in Zig
• create in Zig -> finalize in Zig

external instance memory:

• arena per instance?
• managed by instance if instance has allocator field

parameters and return values:

• pointers to structs result in uwrapped values
• parameters and return type memory
  • arena per function call

setting field values

• frees previous value, if any

  */