Migrate devices from other LoRaWAN Network Servers to The Things Stack.

IMPORTANT: ttn-lw-migrate is compatible with The Things Stack versions 3.12.0 or newer. Trying to import the devices into earlier versions of The Things Stack will fail, due to breaking API changes.

Binaries are available on GitHub.

• The Things Network Stack V2
• ChirpStack Network Server v3 (only versions v0.11.x).
• ChirpStack Network Server v4
• The Things Stack
• Firefly
• Wanesy
• AWS IoT
• LORIOT Network Server

Support for different sources is done by creating Source plugins. List available sources with:

$ ttn-lw-migrate sources

The ttn-lw-migrate examples below export the devices in a devices.json file. You will need to import the devices to The Things Stack using this file.

Navigate to your application, click Import End Devices, select The Things Stack (JSON) from the list of available formats, upload the devices.json file and click Create end devices.

$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices create --application-id test-app < devices.json

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments. See --help for more details:

$ export TTNV2_APP_ID="my-ttn-app"                    # TTN App ID
$ export TTNV2_APP_ACCESS_KEY="ttn-account-v2.a..."   # TTN App Access Key (needs `devices` permissions)
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID="EU_863_870_TTN"           # Frequency Plan for exported devices

See Frequency Plans for the list of frequency plans available on The Things Stack. For example, to use United States 902-928 MHz, FSB 1, you need to specify the US_902_928_FSB_1 frequency plan ID.

Private The Things Network Stack V2 deployments are also supported, and require extra configuration. See ttn-lw-migrate device --help for more details. For example, to override the discovery server address:

$ export TTNV2_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDRESS="discovery.thethings.network:1900"

• The export process will halt if any error occurs.
• Execute commands with the --dry-run flag to verify whether the outcome will be as expected.
• Payload formatters are not exported. See Payload Formatters.
• For ABP devices, use the --ttnv2.resets-to-frequency-plan flag to configure the factory preset frequencies of the device, so that it can keep working with The Things Stack. The list of uplink frequencies is inferred from the Frequency Plan.
• Device sessions (AppSKey, NwkSKey, DevAddr, FCntUp and FCntDown) are exported by default. You can disable this by using the --ttnv2.with-session=false flag. It is recommended that you do not export session keys for devices that can instead re-join on The Things Stack.
• IMPORTANT: The migration from The Things Network Stack V2 to The Things Stack is one-way. Note that it is crucial that devices are handled by one Network Server at a time. The commands below will clear both the root keys (AppKey, if any) and the session (AppSKey, NwkSKey and DevAddr) from The Things Network Stack V2 after exporting the devices. Make sure you understand the ramifications of this. Note that having the session keys present on both Network Servers is not supported, and you will most likely encounter uplink/downlink traffic issues and/or a corrupted device MAC state.

To export a single device using its Device ID (e.g. mydevice):

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 device 'mydevice' --dry-run --verbose > devices.json
# export device
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 device 'mydevice' > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_ids.txt with one device ID per line:

mydevice
otherdevice
device3
device4
device5

And then export with:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 devices 'mydevice' --dry-run --verbose < device_ids.txt > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 devices < device_ids.txt > devices.json

Similarly, to export all devices of application my-app-id:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 application 'my-app-id' --dry-run --verbose > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate ttnv2 application 'my-app-id' > devices.json

Note: ChirpStack v3 support is removed from versions v0.12.0 onwards. Use v0.11.x for ChirpStack v3.

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments. See --help for more details:

$ export CHIRPSTACK_API_URL="localhost:8080"    # ChirpStack Application Server URL
$ export CHIRPSTACK_API_TOKEN="7F0as987e61..."  # Generate from ChirpStack GUI
$ export JOIN_EUI="0101010102020203"            # JoinEUI for exported devices
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID="EU_863_870"         # Frequency Plan for exported devices

See Frequency Plans for the list of frequency plans available on The Things Stack. For example, to use United States 902-928 MHz, FSB 1, you need to specify the US_902_928_FSB_1 frequency plan ID.

NOTE: JoinEUI and FrequencyPlanID are required because ChirpStack does not store these fields.

• ABP devices without an active session are successfully exported from ChirpStack, but cannot be imported into The Things Stack.
• MaxEIRP may not be always set properly.
• ChirpStack payload formatters also accept a variables parameter. This will always be null on The Things Stack.

To export a single device using its DevEUI (e.g. 0102030405060708):

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack device '0102030405060708' > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_euis.txt with one DevEUI per line:

0102030405060701
0102030405060702
0102030405060703
0102030405060704
0102030405060705
0102030405060706

And then export with:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack device < device_euis.txt > devices.json

Similarly, to export all devices of application chirpstack-app-1:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack application 'chirpstack-app-1' > devices.json

In order to export multiple applications, create a file named application_names.txt with one Application name per line:

chirpstack-app-1
chirpstack-app-2
chirpstack-app-3

And export with:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack application < application_names.txt > devices.json

Minimum supported version: v0.12.0

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments. See --help for more details:

$ export CHIRPSTACK_API_URL="localhost:8080"    # ChirpStack Application Server URL
$ export CHIRPSTACK_API_KEY="eyJ0eX........"    # Generate from ChirpStack GUI
$ export JOIN_EUI="0101010102020203"            # JoinEUI for exported devices
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID="EU_863_870"         # Frequency Plan for exported devices
$ export CHIRPSTACK_EXPORT_SESSION="true"       # Set to true for session migration

See Frequency Plans for the list of frequency plans available on The Things Stack. For example, to use United States 902-928 MHz, FSB 1, you need to specify the US_902_928_FSB_1 frequency plan ID.

NOTE: JoinEUI and FrequencyPlanID are required because ChirpStack does not store these fields.

• ABP devices without an active session are successfully exported from ChirpStack, but cannot be imported into The Things Stack.
• MaxEIRP may not be always set properly.
• ChirpStack payload formatters also accept a variables parameter. This will always be null on The Things Stack.
• ChirpStack v4 uses UUIDs as application ID. The migration tool uses the appends the last index of the UUID to application ID.
  • Ex: If the ChirpStack v4 application ID is 59459ffa-bfd3-4ef3-9cee-e1ca219397f2, the tool generates chirpstack-e1ca219397f2 as the application ID.

To export a single device using its DevEUI (e.g. 0102030405060708):

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack device '0102030405060708' > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_euis.txt with one DevEUI per line:

0102030405060701
0102030405060702
0102030405060703
0102030405060704
0102030405060705
0102030405060706

And then export with:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack device < device_euis.txt > devices.json

Similarly, to export all devices of application chirpstack-app-1:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack application 'chirpstack-app-1' > devices.json

In order to export multiple applications, create a file named application_names.txt with one Application name per line:

chirpstack-app-1
chirpstack-app-2
chirpstack-app-3

And export with:

$ ttn-lw-migrate chirpstack application < application_names.txt > devices.json

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments. See --help for more details:

$ export TTS_APP_ID="my-tts-app"                                                  # TTS App ID
$ export TTS_APP_API_KEY="NNSXS.U..."                                             # TTS App API Key (needs `device` permissions)
$ export TTS_APPLICATION_SERVER_GRPC_ADDRESS="eu1.cloud.thethings.network:8884"   # TTS Application Server URL Address
$ export TTS_IDENTITY_SERVER_GRPC_ADDRESS="eu1.cloud.thethings.network:8884"      # TTS Identity Server URL Address
$ export TTS_JOIN_SERVER_GRPC_ADDRESS="eu1.cloud.thethings.network:8884"          # TTS Join Server URL Address
$ export TTS_NETWORK_SERVER_GRPC_ADDRESS="eu1.cloud.thethings.network:8884"       # TTS Network Server URL Address
$ export TTS_CA_FILE="/path/to/ca.file"                                           # Path to a CA file (optional)

• The export process will halt if any error occurs.
• Execute commands with the --dry-run flag to verify whether the outcome will be as expected.

To export a single device using its Device ID (e.g. mydevice):

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts device 'mydevice' --dry-run --verbose > devices.json
# export device
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts device 'mydevice' > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_ids.txt with one device ID per line:

mydevice
otherdevice
device3
device4
device5

And then export with:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts devices 'mydevice' --dry-run --verbose < device_ids.txt > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts devices < device_ids.txt > devices.json

Similarly, to export all devices of application my-app-id:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts application 'my-app-id' --dry-run --verbose > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate tts application 'my-app-id' > devices.json

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments.

See ttn-lw-migrate firefly {device|application} --help for more details.

The following example shows how to set options via environment variables.

$ export FIREFLY_HOST=example.com       # Host of the Firefly API
$ export FIREFLY_API_KEY=abcdefgh       # Firefly API Key
$ export APP_ID=my-test-app             # Application ID for the exported devices
$ export JOIN_EUI=1111111111111111      # JoinEUI for the exported devices
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID=EU_863_870   # Frequency Plan ID for the exported devices
$ export MAC_VERSION=1.0.2b             # LoRaWAN MAC version for the exported devices

• The export process will halt if any error occurs.
• Use the --invalidate-keys option to invalidate the root and/or session keys of the devices on the Firefly server. This is necessary to prevent both networks from communicating with the same device. The last byte of the keys will be incremented by 0x01. This enables an easy rollback if necessary. Setting this flag to false (default) would result in a "dry run", where the devices are exported but they will still be able to communicate with the Firefly server.

To export a single device using its Device EUI (e.g. 1111111111111112):

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly device 1111111111111112 --verbose > devices.json
# export device
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly device 1111111111111112 --invalidate-keys > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_euis.txt with one device EUI per line:

1111111111111112
FF11111111111134
ABCD111111111100

And then export with:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly device --verbose < device_ids.txt > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly device --invalidate-keys < device_ids.txt > devices.json

The Firefly LNS does not strictly enforce device to application relationships.

Setting the --all flag will export all devices that are accessible by the API key. The application command without the --all flag does nothing.

Note: Please be cautious while using this command as this might invalidate all the keys of all the devices.

To export all devices accessible by the API Key,

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly application --all --verbose > devices.json
# export all devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate firefly application --all --invalidate-keys > devices.json

Migration from Kerlink's Wanesy requires exporting the device data into a CSV file and feeding it into this tool. Please reach out to Kerlink to get an export of the devices that need to be migrated.

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments.

See ttn-lw-migrate wanesy {device|application} --help for more details.

The following example shows how to set options via environment variables.

$ export APP_ID=my-test-app             # Application ID for the exported devices
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID=EU_863_870   # Frequency Plan ID for the exported devices
$ export CSV_PATH=<path>                # Local path to the exported CSV file.

• The export process will halt if any error occurs.
• Since the migration tool uses a CSV file that's exported from WMC and does not interact with the API, make sure to remove/clean up the devices on WMC once the migration is completed.

To export a single device using its Device EUI (e.g. 1111111111111112):

# Export a device from the CSV to TTS format.
$ ttn-lw-migrate wanesy device 1111111111111112 > devices.json

In order to export all devices from the CSV file, use the application command.

# Export all devices from the CSV.
$ ttn-lw-migrate wanesy application --all

Note: awsiot source uses the Shared AWS Configuration (~/.aws/config) file. To setup this configuration file please check out the AWS SDK documentation

Configure with environment variables, or command-line arguments. See --help for more details:

$ export APP_ID="my-app"                    # Application ID for the exported devices
$ export FREQUENCY_PLAN_ID="EU_863_870"     # Frequency Plan ID for the exported devices

Important: AWS IoT does not provide a way to export session information. Therefore OTAA devices needs to rejoin after the import. For ABP devices is not possible to import the session counters (FCntUp and FCntDown). For more details please check the AWS IoT API documentation

• The export process will halt if any error occurs.
• Execute commands with the --dry-run flag to verify whether the outcome will be as expected.

To export a single device using its Device ID (e.g. f198fd57-e52d-49fd-bcec-5b5494748469):

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate awsiot device 'f198fd57-e52d-49fd-bcec-5b5494748469' --dry-run --verbose > devices.json
# export device
$ ttn-lw-migrate awsiot device 'f198fd57-e52d-49fd-bcec-5b5494748469' > devices.json

In order to export a large number of devices, create a file named device_ids.txt with one device ID per line:

f198fd57-e52d-49fd-bcec-5b5494748469
3b4c29ea-6c2f-4d2a-a2b4-494a6c0fc33b
393306e1-73f8-42c5-b593-21eb64a3bf0b
bed4284c-ebaf-4a34-970b-2ff1d0008daf
c5b08612-af8b-41cf-80fa-da3d861ed81c

And then export with:

# dry run first, verify that no errors occur
$ ttn-lw-migrate awsiot device --dry-run --verbose < device_ids.txt > devices.json
# export devices
$ ttn-lw-migrate awsiot device < device_ids.txt > devices.json

Requires Go version 1.23 or higher. Download Go.

$ git clone https://github.com/TheThingsNetwork/lorawan-stack-migrate.git
$ cd lorawan-stack-migrate/
$ go install go.thethings.network/lorawan-stack-migrate/cmd/ttn-lw-migrate
$ $(go env GOPATH)/bin/ttn-lw-migrate --help

Initialize the development environment using make:

$ make init

For development/testing purposes, the binary can be executed directly using go run:

$ go run ./cmd/ttn-lw-migrate

It is also possible to use go build.

Releases are created using goreleaser. First, install GoReleaser:

$ go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser@v1.2.5

The command to build a release snapshot from your branch is:

$ goreleaser --snapshot --rm-dist

Note: You will at least need to have rpm and snapcraft in your PATH.

This will compile binaries for all supported platforms, deb, rpm, Snapcraft packages, as well as release archives in dist.

Note: The operating system and architecture represent the name of the directory in dist in which the binaries are placed. For example, the binaries for Darwin x64 (macOS) will be located at dist/darwin_amd64.

1. Create a release/${version} branch off the master branch.

$ git checkout master
$ git checkout -b release/${version}

2. Update the CHANGELOG.md file as explained below:

• Change the Unreleased section to the new version and add date obtained via date +%Y-%m-%d (e.g. ## [1.0.0] - 2020-10-18)

  • Check if we didn't forget anything important

  • Remove empty subsections

  • Update the list of links in the bottom of the file

  • Add new Unreleased section:

    ## [Unreleased]
    
    ### Added
    
    ### Changed
    
    ### Deprecated
    
    ### Removed
    
    ### Fixed
    
    ### Security

4. Create a pull request targeting master.
5. Once this PR is approved and merged, checkout the latest master branch locally.
6. Create a version tag, and push to GitHub:

$ git tag -s -a "v${version}" -m "ttn-lw-migrate v${version}"
$ git push origin "v${version}"

7. CI will automatically start building and pushing to package managers. When this is done, you'll find a new release on the releases page.
8. Edit the release notes on the GitHub releases page, typically copied from CHANGELOG.md.