Array.prototype.slice()

const animals = ["ant", "bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"];

console.log(animals.slice(2));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck", "elephant"]

console.log(animals.slice(2, 4));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]

console.log(animals.slice(1, 5));
// Expected output: Array ["bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]

console.log(animals.slice(-2));
// Expected output: Array ["duck", "elephant"]

console.log(animals.slice(2, -1));
// Expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]

console.log(animals.slice());
// Expected output: Array ["ant", "bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]

// :      
var fruits = ["", "", "", "", ""];
var citrus = fruits.slice(1, 3);

// citrus  ['', '']

//  slice,  newCar  myCar.
var myHonda = {
  color: "",
  wheels: 4,
  engine: { cylinders: 4, size: 2.2 },
};
var myCar = [myHonda, 2, "  ", "  1997"];
var newCar = myCar.slice(0, 2);

//   myCar, newCar   myHonda
//      .
console.log("myCar = " + myCar.toSource());
console.log("newCar = " + newCar.toSource());
console.log("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color);
console.log("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color);

//   myHonda.
myHonda.color = "";
console.log("   Honda - " + myHonda.color);

//   myHonda     .
console.log("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color);
console.log("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color);

myCar = [{color:'', wheels:4, engine:{cylinders:4, size:2.2}}, 2,
         '  ', '  1997']
newCar = [{color:'', wheels:4, engine:{cylinders:4, size:2.2}}, 2]
myCar[0].color = 
newCar[0].color = 
   Honda - 
myCar[0].color = 
newCar[0].color = 

function list() {
  return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
}

var list1 = list(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]

var unboundSlice = Array.prototype.slice;
var slice = Function.prototype.call.bind(unboundSlice);

function list() {
  return slice(arguments, 0);
}

var list1 = list(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]

/**
 *   ""    IE < 9  slice
 *  -  NamedNodeMap, NodeList  HTMLCollection
 * (,  -   ,
 *   ,  ES2015, IE    ).
 *    ,   IE < 9,    undefined
 *   (  Firefox),   ,  
 *     DOM.
 */
(function () {
  "use strict";
  var _slice = Array.prototype.slice;

  try {
    //      DOM  IE < 9
    _slice.call(document.documentElement);
  } catch (e) {
    //  IE < 9  
    //      ,  ,
    // NamedNodeMap (, , ),
    // NodeList (, getElementsByTagName), HTMLCollection (, childNodes)
    //        DOM (     DOM  IE < 9)
    Array.prototype.slice = function (begin, end) {
      // IE < 9    end,  undefined
      end = typeof end !== "undefined" ? end : this.length;

      //    Array     slice
      if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this) === "[object Array]") {
        return _slice.call(this, begin, end);
      }

      //     
      var i,
        cloned = [],
        size,
        len = this.length;

      //    begin
      var start = begin || 0;
      start = start >= 0 ? start : len + start;

      //    end
      var upTo = end ? end : len;
      if (end < 0) {
        upTo = len + end;
      }

      //    
      size = upTo - start;

      if (size > 0) {
        cloned = new Array(size);
        if (this.charAt) {
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this.charAt(start + i);
          }
        } else {
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this[start + i];
          }
        }
      }

      return cloned;
    };
  }
})();