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C-style file input/output cppreference.com
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C-style file input/output

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< cpp | io
[]

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C++
(C++20)
(C++20)
(C++11)
(C++20)
/
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++17)
 
/
 
/ C
 
CI / O C + + C- / . <cstdio> / , <cwchar> / .
:
The C I/O subset of the C++ standard library implements C-style stream input/output operations. The <cstdio> header provides generic file operation support and supplies functions with narrow and multibyte character input/output capabilities, and the <cwchar> header provides functions with wide character input/output capabilities.
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C std::FILE, std::FILE* (: , std::FILE FILE*, / ). C (, , , , ..).
:
C streams are objects of type std::FILE that can only be accessed and manipulated through pointers of type std::FILE* (Note: while it may be possible to create a local object of type std::FILE by dereferencing and copying a valid FILE*, using the address of such copy in the I/O functions is undefined behavior). Each C stream is associated with an external physical device (file, standard input stream, printer, serial port, etc).
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C . / . C + + , , C : std::setlocale.
:
C streams can be used for both unformatted and formatted input and output. They are locale-sensitive and may perform wide/multibyte conversions as necessary. Unlike C++ streams, where each stream is associated with its own locale, all C streams access the same locale object: the one most recently installed with std::setlocale.
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, , (, POSIX), C :
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Besides the system-specific information necessary to access the device (e.g. a POSIX file descriptor), each C stream object holds the following:
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1)
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Character width: narrow or wide
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2)
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Buffering state: unbuffered, line-buffered, fully buffered.
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3)
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The buffer, which may be replaced by an external, user-provided buffer.
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4)
I / O : , , ( ).
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I/O mode: input, output, or update (both input and output).
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5)
Binary / .
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Binary/text mode indicator.
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6)
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End-of-file status indicator.
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7)
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Error status indicator.
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( std::fpos_t), , , ( mbstate_t).
:
File position indicator (an object of type std::fpos_t), which, for wide character streams, includes the parse state (an object of type mbstate_t).
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File access
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opens a file
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open an existing stream with a different name
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closes a file
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synchronizes an output stream with the actual file
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/ /
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sets the buffer for a file stream
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sets the buffer and its size for a file stream
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Direct input/output
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reads from a file
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writes to a file
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/
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Unformatted input/output
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Narrow character
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gets a character from a file stream
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gets a character string from a file stream
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writes a character to a file stream
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stdin
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reads a character from stdin
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, stdin
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reads a character string from stdin
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stdout
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writes a character to stdout
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stdout
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writes a character string to stdout
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puts a character back into a file stream
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Wide character
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stdin
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stdout
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/
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Formatted input/output
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Narrow/multibyte character
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stdin,
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(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
stdin, buffer
:
reads formatted input from stdin, a file stream or a buffer
using variable argument list
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(C++11)
stdout,
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prints formatted output to stdout, a file stream or a buffer
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(C++11)
 stdout,

() []
:
Wide character
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stdin,
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(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
 stdin, ,
() []
stdout,
() []
stdout, ,
() []
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File positioning
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returns the current file position indicator
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gets the file position indicator
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moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file
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moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file
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moves the file position indicator to the beginning in a file
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Error handling
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clears errors
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checks for the end-of-file
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checks for a file error
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Operations on files
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erases a file
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renames a file
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creates and opens a temporary, auto-removing file
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returns a unique filename
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<cstdio>
Definition
FILE
, , CI / O
:
type, capable of holding all information needed to control a C I/O stream
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fpos_t
,
:
type, capable of uniquely specifying a position in a file
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<cstdio>
stdinstdoutstderr
FILE* stream
expression FILE*, stream
expression FILE*,
:
expression of type FILE* associated with the input stream
expression of type FILE* associated with the output stream
expression of type FILE* associated with the error output stream
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()
EOF
int
:
integer constant expression of type int and negative value
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()
FOPEN_MAX
,
:
number of files that can be open simultaneously
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()
FILENAME_MAX
:
size needed for an array of char to hold the longest supported file name
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()
BUFSIZ
, std::setbuf
:
size of the buffer used by std::setbuf
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()
_IOFBF_IOLBF_IONBF
std::setbuf / O
argument std::setbuf / O
argument std::setbuf I / O
:
argument to std::setbuf indicating fully buffered I/O
argument to std::setbuf indicating line buffered I/O
argument to std::setbuf indicating unbuffered I/O
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()
SEEK_SETSEEK_CURSEEK_END
std::fseek file
argument std::fseek position
argument std::fseek
:
argument to std::fseek indicating seeking from beginning of the file
argument to std::fseek indicating seeking from the current file position
argument to std::fseek indicating seeking from end of the file
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()
TMP_MAX
, std::tmpnam
:
maximum number of unique filenames that can be generated by std::tmpnam
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()
L_tmpnam
std::tmpnam
:
size needed for an array of char to hold the result of std::tmpnam
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