Gave it a quick try: it's able to be just merged into the 1.18 branch without changes/conflicts, and from some quick testing, it seems to be fully working as well. 👍
Edit: Noteworthy: has some issue with the current release of iris.

Copying Jelly's comments on this PR from discord for accessibility:

Thinking about it for some time, I've created more or less the following work list for getting this work into upstream:

• Change the renderer to only care about quads, not triangles, so that you can simplify your sorting code & fix a few edge cases that vanilla handles correctly (important)
• At some point we thought mods might care about triangle meshes but I don't see any reason to support this.
• This also allows for some important optimizations that might happen in the future.
• We have to deal quads anyways for FREX/FRAPI. So this needs to change.
• Import the changes to ThinGL from 0.4-experiments so we can provide a cleaner API interface for compute shaders (refactor)
• Move the compute code out of the chunk renderer and into new classes for occlusion culling/render list building (refactor)
• Investigate a CPU-side fallback for the compute shader (very low priority)

Otherwise for the code itself, you've done a great job here and I don't have any complaints with that much. We just need to provide better facilities in Sodium for handling this.

Currently requires the following patch to compile when rebased on 1.18.x/dev

diff --git a/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/render/chunk/RegionChunkRenderer.java b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/render/chunk/RegionChunkRenderer.java
index cb9b975..7383043 100644
--- a/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/render/chunk/RegionChunkRenderer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/me/jellysquid/mods/sodium/client/render/chunk/RegionChunkRenderer.java
@@ -114,8 +114,7 @@ public class RegionChunkRenderer extends ShaderChunkRenderer {
                         float y = getCameraTranslation(region.getOriginY(), camera.blockY, camera.deltaY);
                         float z = getCameraTranslation(region.getOriginZ(), camera.blockZ, camera.deltaZ);

-                        Matrix4f matrix = this.cachedModelViewMatrix;
-                        matrix.set(matrices.modelView());
+                        Matrix4f matrix = new Matrix4f(matrices.modelView());
                         matrix.translate(x, y, z);

                         compute.setModelViewMatrix(matrix);

Note that this may cause some allocation overhead.

Edit: do not use as-is, this patch trashes performance horribly, a solution must be found to remove the extra allocation instead.

How do I add this to my game?

Hi, has any progress been made/is there anywhere to track progress on the task list linked by amnotbananaama? (or any other related efforts to help merge this into upstream?)

How do I add this to my game?

Might be able to clone https://github.com/MESLewis/sodium-fabric/tree/translucency-sort and follow the build steps just be very aware it is most likely very unstable

How do I use this？

You can't at the moment, this was work in progress and has been left dormant, thus it is now incompatible with recent Sodium.

This can be superceded by #2016 and #1687 as this will probably be no longer maintained