diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py
@@ -29,11 +29,14 @@
 from enum import Enum, IntEnum
 import functools
 import importlib
+import inspect
 import io
 import logging
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 import time
+import traceback
 from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -1567,6 +1570,70 @@ def _is_non_interactive_terminal_ipython(ip):
             and getattr(ip.parent, 'interact', None) is False)
 
 
+def _check_savefig_extra_args(func=None, extra_kwargs=()):
+    """
+    Decorator for the final print_* methods that accept keyword arguments.
+
+    If any unused keyword arguments are left, this decorator will warn about
+    them, and as part of the warning, will attempt to specify the function that
+    the user actually called, instead of the backend-specific method. If unable
+    to determine which function the user called, it will specify `.savefig`.
+
+    For compatibility across backends, this does not warn about keyword
+    arguments added by `FigureCanvasBase.print_figure` for use in a subset of
+    backends, because the user would not have added them directly.
+    """
+
+    if func is None:
+        return functools.partial(_check_savefig_extra_args,
+                                 extra_kwargs=extra_kwargs)
+
+    old_sig = inspect.signature(func)
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        name = 'savefig'  # Reasonable default guess.
+        public_api = re.compile(r'^savefig|print_[A-Za-z0-9]+$')
+        seen_print_figure = False
+        for frame, line in traceback.walk_stack(None):
+            if frame is None:
+                # when called in embedded context may hit frame is None.
+                break
+            if re.match(r'\A(matplotlib|mpl_toolkits)(\Z|\.(?!tests\.))',
+                        # Work around sphinx-gallery not setting __name__.
+                        frame.f_globals.get('__name__', '')):
+                if public_api.match(frame.f_code.co_name):
+                    name = frame.f_code.co_name
+                    if name == 'print_figure':
+                        seen_print_figure = True
+            else:
+                break
+
+        accepted_kwargs = {*old_sig.parameters, *extra_kwargs}
+        if seen_print_figure:
+            for kw in ['dpi', 'facecolor', 'edgecolor', 'orientation',
+                       'bbox_inches_restore']:
+                # Ignore keyword arguments that are passed in by print_figure
+                # for the use of other renderers.
+                if kw not in accepted_kwargs:
+                    kwargs.pop(kw, None)
+
+        for arg in list(kwargs):
+            if arg in accepted_kwargs:
+                continue
+            cbook.warn_deprecated(
+                '3.3', name=name,
+                message='%(name)s() got unexpected keyword argument "'
+                        + arg + '" which is no longer supported as of '
+                        '%(since)s and will become an error '
+                        '%(removal)s')
+            kwargs.pop(arg)
+
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
 class FigureCanvasBase:
     """
     The canvas the figure renders into.

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
 from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib import colors as mcolors
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, RendererBase)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.font_manager import findfont, get_font
 from matplotlib.ft2font import (LOAD_FORCE_AUTOHINT, LOAD_NO_HINTING,
                                 LOAD_DEFAULT, LOAD_NO_AUTOHINT)
@@ -447,17 +448,18 @@ def buffer_rgba(self):
         """
         return self.renderer.buffer_rgba()
 
-    def print_raw(self, filename_or_obj, *args, **kwargs):
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
+    def print_raw(self, filename_or_obj, *args):
         FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
         renderer = self.get_renderer()
         with cbook.open_file_cm(filename_or_obj, "wb") as fh:
             fh.write(renderer.buffer_rgba())
 
     print_rgba = print_raw
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     def print_png(self, filename_or_obj, *args,
-                  metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None,
-                  **kwargs):
+                  metadata=None, pil_kwargs=None):
         """
         Write the figure to a PNG file.
 
@@ -519,6 +521,8 @@ def print_to_buffer(self):
     # print_figure(), and the latter ensures that `self.figure.dpi` already
     # matches the dpi kwarg (if any).
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args(
+        extra_kwargs=["quality", "optimize", "progressive"])
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.2", "dryrun")
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.3", "quality",
                              alternative="pil_kwargs={'quality': ...}")
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ def print_jpg(self, filename_or_obj, *args, dryrun=False, pil_kwargs=None,
             pil_kwargs = {}
         for k in ["quality", "optimize", "progressive"]:
             if k in kwargs:
-                pil_kwargs.setdefault(k, kwargs[k])
+                pil_kwargs.setdefault(k, kwargs.pop(k))
         if "quality" not in pil_kwargs:
             quality = pil_kwargs["quality"] = \
                 dict.__getitem__(mpl.rcParams, "savefig.jpeg_quality")
@@ -590,9 +594,9 @@ def print_jpg(self, filename_or_obj, *args, dryrun=False, pil_kwargs=None,
 
     print_jpeg = print_jpg
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.2", "dryrun")
-    def print_tif(self, filename_or_obj, *args, dryrun=False, pil_kwargs=None,
-                  **kwargs):
+    def print_tif(self, filename_or_obj, *, dryrun=False, pil_kwargs=None):
         FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
         if dryrun:
             return

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 from .. import cbook, font_manager
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
-    RendererBase)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    GraphicsContextBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.font_manager import ttfFontProperty
 from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser
 from matplotlib.path import Path
@@ -444,10 +444,12 @@ def restore_region(self, region):
         surface.mark_dirty_rectangle(
             slx.start, sly.start, slx.stop - slx.start, sly.stop - sly.start)
 
-    def print_png(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
+    def print_png(self, fobj):
         self._get_printed_image_surface().write_to_png(fobj)
 
-    def print_rgba(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
+    def print_rgba(self, fobj):
         width, height = self.get_width_height()
         buf = self._get_printed_image_surface().get_data()
         fobj.write(cbook._premultiplied_argb32_to_unmultiplied_rgba8888(
@@ -476,7 +478,8 @@ def print_svg(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
     def print_svgz(self, fobj, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._save(fobj, 'svgz', *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def _save(self, fo, fmt, *, orientation='portrait', **kwargs):
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
+    def _save(self, fo, fmt, *, orientation='portrait'):
         # save PDF/PS/SVG
 
         dpi = 72

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 from matplotlib import _text_layout, cbook
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
-    RendererBase)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    GraphicsContextBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 from matplotlib.font_manager import findfont, is_opentype_cff_font, get_font
@@ -2573,10 +2573,11 @@ class FigureCanvasPdf(FigureCanvasBase):
     def get_default_filetype(self):
         return 'pdf'
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     def print_pdf(self, filename, *,
                   dpi=72,  # dpi to use for images
-                  bbox_inches_restore=None, metadata=None,
-                  **kwargs):
+                  bbox_inches_restore=None, metadata=None):
+
         self.figure.set_dpi(72)            # there are 72 pdf points to an inch
         width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches()
         if isinstance(filename, PdfPages):

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib import cbook, font_manager as fm
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
-    RendererBase)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    GraphicsContextBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import (
     _create_pdf_info_dict, _datetime_to_pdf)
@@ -802,9 +802,11 @@ class FigureCanvasPgf(FigureCanvasBase):
     def get_default_filetype(self):
         return 'pdf'
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.2", "dryrun")
-    def _print_pgf_to_fh(self, fh, *args,
-                         dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs):
+    def _print_pgf_to_fh(self, fh, *,
+                         dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None):
+
         if dryrun:
             renderer = RendererPgf(self.figure, None, dummy=True)
             self.figure.draw(renderer)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 from matplotlib import cbook, _path
 from matplotlib import _text_layout
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
-    RendererBase)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    GraphicsContextBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.cbook import is_writable_file_like, file_requires_unicode
 from matplotlib.font_manager import is_opentype_cff_font, get_font
 from matplotlib.ft2font import LOAD_NO_HINTING
@@ -808,11 +808,12 @@ def _print_ps(
         printer(outfile, format, dpi=dpi, dsc_comments=dsc_comments,
                 orientation=orientation, papertype=papertype, **kwargs)
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.2", "dryrun")
     def _print_figure(
             self, outfile, format, *,
             dpi, dsc_comments, orientation, papertype,
-            dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs):
+            dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None):
         """
         Render the figure to a filesystem path or a file-like object.
 
@@ -985,11 +986,12 @@ def print_figure_impl(fh):
                 with open(outfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh:
                     print_figure_impl(fh)
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     @cbook._delete_parameter("3.2", "dryrun")
     def _print_figure_tex(
             self, outfile, format, *,
             dpi, dsc_comments, orientation, papertype,
-            dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs):
+            dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None):
         """
         If :rc:`text.usetex` is True, a temporary pair of tex/eps files
         are created to allow tex to manage the text layout via the PSFrags

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, RendererBase)
+     _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+     RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer
 from matplotlib.colors import rgb2hex
 from matplotlib.dates import UTC
@@ -1328,8 +1329,9 @@ def print_svgz(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
                 gzip.GzipFile(mode='w', fileobj=fh) as gzipwriter:
             return self.print_svg(gzipwriter)
 
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
     def _print_svg(self, filename, fh, *, dpi=72, bbox_inches_restore=None,
-                   metadata=None, **kwargs):
+                   metadata=None):
         self.figure.set_dpi(72.0)
         width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches()
         w, h = width * 72, height * 72

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
-    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
-    MouseButton, NavigationToolbar2, RendererBase, StatusbarBase, TimerBase,
-    ToolContainerBase, cursors)
+    _Backend, _check_savefig_extra_args, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase,
+    GraphicsContextBase, MouseButton, NavigationToolbar2, RendererBase,
+    StatusbarBase, TimerBase, ToolContainerBase, cursors)
 
 from matplotlib import cbook, backend_tools
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
@@ -861,7 +861,8 @@ def print_tiff(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
     def print_xpm(self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._print_image(filename, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_XPM, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def _print_image(self, filename, filetype, *args, **kwargs):
+    @_check_savefig_extra_args
+    def _print_image(self, filename, filetype, *, quality=None):
         origBitmap = self.bitmap
 
         self.bitmap = wx.Bitmap(math.ceil(self.figure.bbox.width),
@@ -878,11 +879,11 @@ def _print_image(self, filename, filetype, *args, **kwargs):
         # are saving a JPEG, convert the wx.Bitmap to a wx.Image,
         # and set the quality.
         if filetype == wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG:
-            jpeg_quality = kwargs.get(
-                'quality',
-                dict.__getitem__(mpl.rcParams, 'savefig.jpeg_quality'))
+            if quality is None:
+                quality = dict.__getitem__(mpl.rcParams,
+                                           'savefig.jpeg_quality')
             image = self.bitmap.ConvertToImage()
-            image.SetOption(wx.IMAGE_OPTION_QUALITY, str(jpeg_quality))
+            image.SetOption(wx.IMAGE_OPTION_QUALITY, str(quality))
 
         # Now that we have rendered into the bitmap, save it to the appropriate
         # file type and clean up.

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from datetime import datetime
+import io
 from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 from types import SimpleNamespace
@@ -424,6 +425,14 @@ def test_savefig():
         fig.savefig("fname1.png", "fname2.png")
 
 
+def test_savefig_warns():
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    msg = r'savefig\(\) got unexpected keyword argument "non_existent_kwarg"'
+    for format in ['png', 'pdf', 'svg', 'tif', 'jpg']:
+        with pytest.warns(cbook.MatplotlibDeprecationWarning, match=msg):
+            fig.savefig(io.BytesIO(), format=format, non_existent_kwarg=True)
+
+
 def test_savefig_backend():
     fig = plt.figure()
     # Intentionally use an invalid module name.