diff --git a/doc/api/next_api_changes/development/29745-DS.rst b/doc/api/next_api_changes/development/29745-DS.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+New minimum version of pyparsing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The minimum required version of ``pyparsing`` has been updated from 2.3.1 to 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/install/dependencies.rst b/doc/install/dependencies.rst
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ reference.
 * `NumPy <https://numpy.org>`_ (>= 1.23)
 * `packaging <https://pypi.org/project/packaging/>`_ (>= 20.0)
 * `Pillow <https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ (>= 9.0)
-* `pyparsing <https://pypi.org/project/pyparsing/>`_ (>= 2.3.1)
+* `pyparsing <https://pypi.org/project/pyparsing/>`_ (>= 3)
 
 
 .. _optional_dependencies:

diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dependencies:
   - pillow>=9
   - pkg-config
   - pygobject
-  - pyparsing>=2.3.1
+  - pyparsing>=3
   - pyqt
   - python>=3.10
   - python-dateutil>=2.1

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/_fontconfig_pattern.py b/lib/matplotlib/_fontconfig_pattern.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import re
 
 from pyparsing import (
-    Group, Optional, ParseException, Regex, StringEnd, Suppress, ZeroOrMore, oneOf)
+    Group, Optional, ParseException, Regex, StringEnd, Suppress, ZeroOrMore, one_of)
 
 
 _family_punc = r'\\\-:,'
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def comma_separated(elem):
     size = Regex(r"([0-9]+\.?[0-9]*|\.[0-9]+)")
     name = Regex(r"[a-z]+")
     value = Regex(fr"([^{_value_punc}]|(\\[{_value_punc}]))*")
-    prop = Group((name + Suppress("=") + comma_separated(value)) | oneOf(_CONSTANTS))
+    prop = Group((name + Suppress("=") + comma_separated(value)) | one_of(_CONSTANTS))
     return (
         Optional(comma_separated(family)("families"))
         + Optional("-" + comma_separated(size)("sizes"))
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ def parse_fontconfig_pattern(pattern):
     """
     parser = _make_fontconfig_parser()
     try:
-        parse = parser.parseString(pattern)
+        parse = parser.parse_string(pattern)
     except ParseException as err:
         # explain becomes a plain method on pyparsing 3 (err.explain(0)).
         raise ValueError("\n" + ParseException.explain(err, 0)) from None
-    parser.resetCache()
+    parser.reset_cache()
     props = {}
     if "families" in parse:
         props["family"] = [*map(_family_unescape, parse["families"])]

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/_mathtext.py b/lib/matplotlib/_mathtext.py
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 from pyparsing import (
-    Empty, Forward, Literal, NotAny, oneOf, OneOrMore, Optional,
+    Empty, Forward, Literal, Group, NotAny, OneOrMore, Optional,
     ParseBaseException, ParseException, ParseExpression, ParseFatalException,
     ParserElement, ParseResults, QuotedString, Regex, StringEnd, ZeroOrMore,
-    pyparsing_common, Group)
+    pyparsing_common, nested_expr, one_of)
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
 from . import cbook
@@ -31,18 +31,12 @@
 from .font_manager import FontProperties, findfont, get_font
 from .ft2font import FT2Font, FT2Image, Kerning, LoadFlags
 
-from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
-from pyparsing import __version__ as pyparsing_version
-if parse_version(pyparsing_version).major < 3:
-    from pyparsing import nestedExpr as nested_expr
-else:
-    from pyparsing import nested_expr
 
 if T.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterable
     from .ft2font import Glyph
 
-ParserElement.enablePackrat()
+ParserElement.enable_packrat()
 _log = logging.getLogger("matplotlib.mathtext")
 
 
@@ -1745,7 +1739,7 @@ def Error(msg: str) -> ParserElement:
     def raise_error(s: str, loc: int, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:
         raise ParseFatalException(s, loc, msg)
 
-    return Empty().setParseAction(raise_error)
+    return Empty().set_parse_action(raise_error)
 
 
 class ParserState:
@@ -1981,10 +1975,10 @@ def set_names_and_parse_actions() -> None:
                     # token, placeable, and auto_delim are forward references which
                     # are left without names to ensure useful error messages
                     if key not in ("token", "placeable", "auto_delim"):
-                        val.setName(key)
+                        val.set_name(key)
                     # Set actions
                     if hasattr(self, key):
-                        val.setParseAction(getattr(self, key))
+                        val.set_parse_action(getattr(self, key))
 
         # Root definitions.
 
@@ -2007,24 +2001,24 @@ def csnames(group: str, names: Iterable[str]) -> Regex:
             )
 
         p.float_literal  = Regex(r"[-+]?([0-9]+\.?[0-9]*|\.[0-9]+)")
-        p.space          = oneOf(self._space_widths)("space")
+        p.space          = one_of(self._space_widths)("space")
 
-        p.style_literal  = oneOf(
+        p.style_literal  = one_of(
             [str(e.value) for e in self._MathStyle])("style_literal")
 
         p.symbol         = Regex(
             r"[a-zA-Z0-9 +\-*/<>=:,.;!\?&'@()\[\]|\U00000080-\U0001ffff]"
             r"|\\[%${}\[\]_|]"
             + r"|\\(?:{})(?![A-Za-z])".format(
                 "|".join(map(re.escape, tex2uni)))
-        )("sym").leaveWhitespace()
+        )("sym").leave_whitespace()
         p.unknown_symbol = Regex(r"\\[A-Za-z]+")("name")
 
         p.font           = csnames("font", self._fontnames)
-        p.start_group    = Optional(r"\math" + oneOf(self._fontnames)("font")) + "{"
+        p.start_group    = Optional(r"\math" + one_of(self._fontnames)("font")) + "{"
         p.end_group      = Literal("}")
 
-        p.delim          = oneOf(self._delims)
+        p.delim          = one_of(self._delims)
 
         # Mutually recursive definitions.  (Minimizing the number of Forward
         # elements is important for speed.)
@@ -2085,7 +2079,7 @@ def csnames(group: str, names: Iterable[str]) -> Regex:
             r"\underset",
             p.optional_group("annotation") + p.optional_group("body"))
 
-        p.text = cmd(r"\text", QuotedString('{', '\\', endQuoteChar="}"))
+        p.text = cmd(r"\text", QuotedString('{', '\\', end_quote_char="}"))
 
         p.substack = cmd(r"\substack",
                            nested_expr(opener="{", closer="}",
@@ -2094,7 +2088,7 @@ def csnames(group: str, names: Iterable[str]) -> Regex:
 
         p.subsuper = (
             (Optional(p.placeable)("nucleus")
-             + OneOrMore(oneOf(["_", "^"]) - p.placeable)("subsuper")
+             + OneOrMore(one_of(["_", "^"]) - p.placeable)("subsuper")
              + Regex("'*")("apostrophes"))
             | Regex("'+")("apostrophes")
             | (p.named_placeable("nucleus") + Regex("'*")("apostrophes"))
@@ -2143,8 +2137,8 @@ def csnames(group: str, names: Iterable[str]) -> Regex:
 
         # Leaf definitions.
         p.math          = OneOrMore(p.token)
-        p.math_string   = QuotedString('$', '\\', unquoteResults=False)
-        p.non_math      = Regex(r"(?:(?:\\[$])|[^$])*").leaveWhitespace()
+        p.math_string   = QuotedString('$', '\\', unquote_results=False)
+        p.non_math      = Regex(r"(?:(?:\\[$])|[^$])*").leave_whitespace()
         p.main          = (
             p.non_math + ZeroOrMore(p.math_string + p.non_math) + StringEnd()
         )
@@ -2167,15 +2161,15 @@ def parse(self, s: str, fonts_object: Fonts, fontsize: float, dpi: float) -> Hli
             ParserState(fonts_object, 'default', 'rm', fontsize, dpi)]
         self._em_width_cache: dict[tuple[str, float, float], float] = {}
         try:
-            result = self._expression.parseString(s)
+            result = self._expression.parse_string(s)
         except ParseBaseException as err:
             # explain becomes a plain method on pyparsing 3 (err.explain(0)).
             raise ValueError("\n" + ParseException.explain(err, 0)) from None
         self._state_stack = []
         self._in_subscript_or_superscript = False
         # prevent operator spacing from leaking into a new expression
         self._em_width_cache = {}
-        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        ParserElement.reset_cache()
         return T.cast(Hlist, result[0])  # Known return type from main.
 
     def get_state(self) -> ParserState:
@@ -2191,13 +2185,13 @@ def push_state(self) -> None:
         self._state_stack.append(self.get_state().copy())
 
     def main(self, toks: ParseResults) -> list[Hlist]:
-        return [Hlist(toks.asList())]
+        return [Hlist(toks.as_list())]
 
     def math_string(self, toks: ParseResults) -> ParseResults:
-        return self._math_expression.parseString(toks[0][1:-1], parseAll=True)
+        return self._math_expression.parse_string(toks[0][1:-1], parse_all=True)
 
     def math(self, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:
-        hlist = Hlist(toks.asList())
+        hlist = Hlist(toks.as_list())
         self.pop_state()
         return [hlist]
 
@@ -2210,7 +2204,7 @@ def non_math(self, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:
         self.get_state().font = mpl.rcParams['mathtext.default']
         return [hlist]
 
-    float_literal = staticmethod(pyparsing_common.convertToFloat)
+    float_literal = staticmethod(pyparsing_common.convert_to_float)
 
     def text(self, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:
         self.push_state()
@@ -2809,7 +2803,7 @@ def auto_delim(self, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:
         return self._auto_sized_delimiter(
             toks["left"],
             # if "mid" in toks ... can be removed when requiring pyparsing 3.
-            toks["mid"].asList() if "mid" in toks else [],
+            toks["mid"].as_list() if "mid" in toks else [],
             toks["right"])
 
     def boldsymbol(self, toks: ParseResults) -> T.Any:

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "numpy >= 1.23",
     "packaging >= 20.0",
     "pillow >= 9",
-    "pyparsing >= 2.3.1",
+    "pyparsing >= 3",
     "python-dateutil >= 2.7",
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.10"

diff --git a/requirements/testing/minver.txt b/requirements/testing/minver.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ meson==1.1.0
 numpy==1.23.0
 packaging==20.0
 pillow==9.0.1
-pyparsing==2.3.1
+pyparsing==3.0.0
 pytest==7.0.0
 python-dateutil==2.7
 

diff --git a/requirements/testing/mypy.txt b/requirements/testing/mypy.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fonttools>=4.22.0
 kiwisolver>=1.3.1
 packaging>=20.0
 pillow>=9
-pyparsing>=2.3.1
+pyparsing>=3
 python-dateutil>=2.7
 setuptools_scm>=7
 setuptools>=64