Arduino (
At the end of 2008, Gianluca Martino's company, Smart Projects, registered the Arduino trademark in Italy and kept this a secret from the other co-founders for about two years. This was revealed when the Arduino company tried to register the trademark in other areas of the world (they originally registered only in the US), and discovered that it was already registered in Italy. Negotiations with Martino and his firm to bring the trademark under the control of the original Arduino company failed. In 2014, Smart Projects began refusing to pay royalties. They then appointed a new CEO, Federico Musto, who renamed the company Arduino SRL and created the website arduino.org, copying the graphics and layout of the original arduino.cc. This resulted in a rift in the Arduino development team.
In January 2015, Arduino LLC filed a lawsuit against Arduino SRL.
In May 2015, Arduino LLC created the worldwide trademark Genuino, used as brand name outside the United States.
At the World Maker Faire in New York on 1 October 2016, Arduino LLC co-founder and CEO Massimo Banzi and Arduino SRL CEO Federico Musto announced the merger of the two companies, forming Arduino AG. Around that same time, Massimo Banzi announced that in addition to the company a new Arduino Foundation would be launched as "a new beginning for Arduino", but this decision was withdrawn later.
In April 2017, Wired reported that Musto had "fabricated his academic record... On his company's website, personal LinkedIn accounts, and even on Italian business documents, Musto was, until recently, listed as holding a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In some cases, his biography also claimed an MBA from New York University." Wired reported that neither university had any record of Musto's attendance, and Musto later admitted in an interview with Wired that he had never earned those degrees. The controversy surrounding Musto continued when, in July 2017, he reportedly pulled many open source licenses, schematics, and code from the Arduino website, prompting scrutiny and outcry.
By 2017 Arduino 'AG' owned many Arduino trademarks. In July 2017 BCMI, founded by Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, David Mellis and Tom Igoe, acquired Arduino AG and all the Arduino trademarks. Fabio Violante is the new CEO replacing Federico Musto, who no longer works for Arduino AG.
In October 2017, Arduino announced its partnership with Arm Holdings (ARM). The announcement said, in part, "ARM recognized independence as a core value of Arduino ... without any lock-in with the ARM architecture". Arduino intends to continue to work with all technology vendors and architectures. Under Violante's guidance, the company started growing again and releasing new designs. The Genuino trademark was dismissed and all products were branded again with the Arduino name.
In August 2018, Arduino announced its new open source command line tool (arduino-cli), which can be used as a replacement of the IDE to program the boards from a shell.
In February 2019, Arduino announced its IoT Cloud service as an extension of the Create online environment.
As of February 2020, the Arduino community included about 30 million active users based on the IDE downloads.
In October 2025 it was announced that Arduino has been acquired, for an as yet undisclosed amount, by the American semiconductor multinational Qualcomm.
Arduino-compatible R3
Uno board with no Arduino logo
Arduino is open-source hardware. The hardware reference designs are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.As of 2016, 17 versions of the Arduino hardware have been commercially produced.
Shields are typically designed and manufactured by third-party hardware companies, including
SparkFun Electronics,
Adafruit Industries,
Seeed Studio, and Cytron Technologies, among others. Several shields can also be made
do it yourself (DIY).
| Arduino Legacy IDE |
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 Screenshot of Arduino Legacy IDE showing Blink program |
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 Screenshot of Arduino IDE 2.x showing Blink code | | Developer | Arduino Software |
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| main().
loop() function is executed repeatedly in the main program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset. It is analogous to the function digitalWrite(), and = 0; pos--) { // Move back from 180° to 0°\n myServo.write(pos);\n delay(15);\n }\n}\n\n"}}'>#include<Servo.h>
ServomyServo;// Create a Servo object
voidsetup(){
myServo.attach(9);// Attach servo to pin 9
}
voidloop(){
for(intpos=0;pos<=180;pos++){// Move from 0° to 180°
myServo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
for(intpos=180;pos>=0;pos--){// Move back from 180° to 0°
myServo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
}
The open-source nature of the Arduino project has facilitated the publication of many free software libraries that other developers use to augment their projects.
Operating systems/threadingeditThere is a Xinu OS port for the ATmega328P (Arduino Uno and others with the same chip), which includes most of the basic features. The source code of this version is freely available.
There is also a threading tool, named Protothreads. Protothreads are described as "extremely lightweight stackless threads designed for severely memory constrained systems, such as small embedded systems or wireless sensor network nodes.
There is a port of FreeRTOS for the Arduino. This is available from the Arduino Library Manager. It is compatible with a number of boards, including the Uno.
- Arduboy, a handheld game console based on Arduino
- Arduinome, a MIDI controller device that mimics the Monome
- Ardupilot, drone software and hardware
- ArduSat, a cubesat based on Arduino
- C-STEM Studio, a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics
- Data loggers for scientific research
- OBDuino, a trip computer that uses the on-board diagnostics interface found in most modern cars
- OpenEVSE an open-source electric vehicle charger
- XOD, a visual programming language for Arduino
- Tinkercad Circuits – an analog and digital simulator supporting Arduino Simulation, which is commonly used to create 3D models
The Arduino project received an honorary mention in the Digital Communities category at the 2006 Prix Ars Electronica.
The Arduino Engineering Kit won the Bett Award for "Higher Education or Further Education Digital Services" in 2020.
Introduction". arduino.cc. Archived from the original on 2017-08-29 . Retrieved 2017-05-23.
↑ Lahart, Justin (27 November 2009). "Taking an Open-Source Approach to Hardware". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
↑ The Making of Arduino, David Kushner, 26 Oct 2011, IEEE Spectrum. Accessed online December 3, 2025.
1 2 3 "Arduino FAQ – With David Cuartielles". Malmö University. April 5, 2013. Archived from the original on 2017-09-06. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
↑ Allan, Alasdair (6 March 2015). "Arduino Wars: Group Splits, Competing Products Revealed?". makezine.com. Maker Media, Inc. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
↑ "Arduino Announces New Brand, Genuino, Manufacturing Partnership with Adafruit". Make. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
↑ "The Arduino Foundation: What's Up?". Hackaday. 2017-06-19. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
↑ Davis, Tom (31 July 2017). "BCMI Acquires Arduino AG and Makers Breathe a Sigh of Relief". techwombat.com. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
↑ "Announcing the Arduino IoT Cloud Public Beta". Arduino Blog. 2019-02-06. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
↑ "Qualcomm acquires Italian hardware company Arduino to push deeper into robotics". CNBC. 2025-10-07. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
↑ "Hardware Index". Arduino Project. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
↑ "Microcontroller Maniacs Rejoice: Arduino Finally Releases the 32-Bit Due". Wired. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Bare Bones Board (BBB) Kit". moderndevice.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
↑ "KiCad Symbol & Footprint Library for Arduino Modules". GitHub. Retrieved 2025-10-17.
↑ "Arduino - ArduinoBoardSerial". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Uno Rev3". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Leonardo with Headers". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Nano". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Esplora". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Due". www.arduino.cc. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
↑ "Arduino Shields for Prototyping". tigoe.net. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
↑ "Using AVR Studio for Arduino development". Engblaze.com. Archived from the original on 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
↑ "arduino/Arduino". GitHub. August 27, 2020.
↑ "It's here: please welcome Arduino IDE 2.0". 14 September 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
↑ "Debugging Fundamentals". Arduino. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
↑ Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches. McGraw-Hill. Nov 8, 2011. ISBN 978-0071784221.
↑ "loop() – Arduino Reference". www.arduino.cc.
↑ "digitalWrite() – Arduino Reference". www.arduino.cc.
↑ "xinu-arduino". October 9, 2022 – via GitHub.
↑ Beddows, Patricia A.; Mallon, Edward K. (2018-02-09). "Cave Pearl Data Logger: A Flexible Arduino-Based Logging Platform for Long-Term Monitoring in Harsh Environments". Sensors. 18 (2): 530. Bibcode:2018Senso..18..530B. doi:10.3390/s18020530. PMC 5856100. PMID 29425185.
↑ Lockridge, Grant; Dzwonkowski, Brian; Nelson, Reid; Powers, Sean (2016-04-13). "Development of a Low-Cost Arduino-Based Sonde for Coastal Applications". Sensors. 16 (4): 528. Bibcode:2016Senso..16..528L. doi:10.3390/s16040528. PMC 4851042. PMID 27089337.
↑ Banzi, Massimo; Shiloh, Michael (2022). Make: Getting Started With Arduino: The Open Source Electronics Prototyping Platform (4th ed.). Make Community. ISBN 978-1680456936.
Karvinen, Tero; Karvinen, Kimmo; Valtokari, Ville (2014). Make: Sensors (1st ed.). Make Community. ISBN 978-1449368104.
Nussey, John (2018). Arduino For Dummies (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1119489542.
Official website
How Arduino is open sourcing imagination, a TED talk by creator Massimo Banzi
Evolution tree for Arduino
Arduino Cheat Sheet
Arduino Dimensions and Hole Patterns
Arduino Shield Template
Arduino Board Pinout Diagrams: Due, Esplora, Leonardo, Mega, Micro, Mini, Pro Micro, Pro Mini, Uno, Yun
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Arduino-compatible R3 Uno board with no Arduino logo
