Die Sprache C++

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Sprache C++

Allgemeine Themen

Preprocessor
Kommentare
Keywords

ASCII-Tabelle
Escape-Sequenzen
Geschichte von C + +

Flusskontrolle

Bedingte Ausfhrung Aussagen

if statement

switch statement

Iterationsanweisungen

`for` loop
range-`for` loop (C++11)

`while` loop
`do-while` loop

Gehe Aussagen

`continue` statement
`break` statement

`goto` statement
`return` statement

Funktionen

Funktion Erklrung

Lambda-Funktion Erklrung

Funktions-Template

inline-Spezifizierer

Exception-Spezifikationen (veraltet)

noexcept Spezifizierer (C++11)

Ausnahmen

Werfen Ausdruck

try-catch-Block

Namespaces

Namespace-Deklaration

Namespace Aliase

Types

Grundtypen
zusammengesetzte Typen
Aufzhlungstypen

union-Typen
Funktionstypen

decltype specifier (C++11)

Specifiers

cv Planer

Lagerdauer Planer

constexpr Spezifizierer (C++11)

auto Spezifizierer (C++11)

alignas Spezifizierer (C++11)

Initialisierung

Default-Initialisierung
Wert der Initialisierung
Null-Initialisierung
Kopieren Initialisierung
direkte Initialisierung

aggregierten Initialisierung
Liste der Initialisierung (C++11)
konstanten Initialisierung
Referenz-Initialisierung

Literale

Integer-Literale
Zeichenliterale
Fliekomma-Literale
Zeichenfolgenliterale

boolean Literale
nullptr (C++11)
benutzerdefiniert (C++11)

Expressions

Wertkategorien
Reihenfolge der Auswertung

Betreiber
Operatorvorrang

alternative Darstellungen

Utilities

Types

typedef declaration

Typ Aliasdeklaration (C++11)

Attribute (C++11)

Wirft

impliziten Konvertierungen

const_cast conversion

static_cast conversion

dynamic_cast conversion

reinterpret_cast conversion

C-Stil und funktionale Besetzung

Speicherzuweisung

new expression

delete expression

Classes

Klassendeklaration
`this` pointer
Zugriff auf Planer

Freund Spezifizierer
Initialisierer Listen

Class-spezifische Funktion Eigenschaften

virtuelle Funktion
berschreibungsspezifizierer (C++11)
endgltigen Spezifizierer (C++11)

explizit (C++11)
statisch

Besondere Member-Funktionen

Standardkonstruktor
Copy-Konstruktor
bewegen Konstruktor (C++11)

Kopieren Zuordnung
bewegen Zuordnung (C++11)
Destruktor

Templates

Klassen-Template

Funktions-Template

Template-Spezialisierung

Parameter Packs (C++11)

Verschiedenes

Inline Montage

[edit]

Dies ist eine kurze Referenz der verfgbaren C++-Sprachkonstrukte.

Allgemeine Themen

Prprozessor

Kommentare

Schlsselworte

ASCII-Tabelle

Escape-Sequenzen

Geschichte von C++

Flusskontrolle

Auswahlanweisungen

In Auswahlanweisungen werden, je nach Wert des zu prfenden Ausdrucks, verschiedene Code-Pfade durchlaufen.

if fhrt Code bedingt aus
switch fhrt Code entsprechend dem Wert eines ganzzahligen Ausdrucks aus

Iterationsanweisungen

Iterationsanweisungen fhren Code innerhalb eines Pfades mehrfach aus.

for fhrt Schleifen mithilfe der Angabe eines Indexes, einer Bedingung und einer Schrittweite aus
range-for fhrt Iterationen ber einen Bereich aus.(seit C++11)
while fhrt eine Schleife aus, bei der vor jeder Iteration eine Bedingung berprft wird
do-while fhrt eine Schleife aus, bei der eine Bedingung nach jeder Iteration berprft wird

Sprunganweisungen

Sprunganweisungen setzen die Programmausfhrung an einer anderen Stelle fort

continue berspringt den restlichen Code innerhalb des Codeblocks einer Schleife
break beendet die aktuelle Schleife
goto setzt die Ausfhrung an einem anderen Ort fort
return beendet die Ausfhrung der aktuellen Funktion

Funktionen

Derselbe Code kann an verschiedenen Stellen im Programm verwendet werden

Funktions-Deklarationen deklarieren Funktionen
Lambda-Funktionen anonyme Funktionen (seit C++11)
Funktions-Templates Vorlagen fr Funktionen
inline-Funktionen Funktionen, deren Body vom Compiler direkt in den Quelltext eingefgt wird.
Exception-Spezifikationen legen fest, welche Exceptions von einer Funktion ausgelst werden knnen. (veraltet)
Der noexcept-Bezeichner legt fest, ob eine Funktion Ausnahmen auslsen kann. (seit C++11)

Ausnahmen

Ausnahmen sind im Gegensatz zu Rckgabewerten oder globalen Fehlervariablen ein robuster Weg, um Fehler zu signalisieren.

throw signalisiert einen Fehler und bergibt die Steuerung des Programms an einen Exception-Handler
try-catch-Blcke fangen Ausnahmen aus bestimmten Code-Blcken ab
noexcept-Bezeichner und noexcept-Operatoren definieren und testen, ob Ausdrcke Ausnahmen auslsen (seit C++11)

Namensrume

Namensrume bieten eine Mglichkeit, um Namenskonflikte in groen Projekten zu verhindern.

Namespace-Deklarationen deklarieren Namensrume
Namespace-Alias Alternativer Name fr einen bestehenden Namensraum

Typen

Fundamentale Typen einfache Character-, Integer- und Fliekomma-Typen
Zeigertypen Typen, die auf eine Adresse im Speicher zeigen
Zusammengesetzte Typen Typen, die verschiedene Datenelemente beinhalten (im Wesentlichen das gleiche wie Klassen)
Aufzhlungstypen Typen, die in der Lage sind, nur eine der vorgegebenen Werte zu beinhalten
union-Typen Typen, die Daten in mehreren Darstellungen speichern knnen
Funktionstypen Funktionssignaturen, d.h. die Art der Argumente und den Rckgabe-Typ
decltype-Bezeichner legt fest, dass ein Typ dem Typ eines spezifischen Ausdrucks entspricht (seit C++11)

Bezeichner

cv gibt an, ob es sich um einen konstanten und/oder einen flchtigen Typen handelt
storage_duration gibt an, wie lang der Typ gespeichert wird
constexpr gibt an, dass der Wert einer Variable oder Funktion zur Kompilierzeit berechnet werden kann (seit C++11)
auto gibt an, dass der eigentliche Typ, der einer Variablen zugewiesen werden soll, auf einem Ausdruck basiert (seit C++11)
alignas gibt an, dass der Speicher fr die Variable auf eine bestimmte Menge festgelegt wird (seit C++11)

Initialisierung

Immer wenn eine benannte Variable deklariert ist, und wenn immer eine temporre Objekt erzeugt wird, der Startwert des neuen Aufgabe wird durch einen der folgenden Mechanismen bereitgestellt:

Default-Initialisierung
Original:
default initialization
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auftritt, wenn keine Initialisierung bereitgestellt wird
Original:
Default-Initialisierung
Original:
default initialization
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occurs when no initializer is provided
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Wert der Initialisierung
Original:
value initialization
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tritt auf, wenn die Initialisierung ist ein leerer Satz Klammern
Original:
Wert der Initialisierung
Original:
value initialization
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occurs when the initializer is an empty set of parentheses
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Null-Initialisierung
Original:
zero initialization
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initialisiert jedes Bit des Objekts auf Null
Original:
Null-Initialisierung
Original:
zero initialization
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initializes every bit of the object to zero
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Kopieren Initialisierung
Original:
copy initialization
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initialisiert ein Objekt aus einem anderen Objekt
Original:
Kopieren Initialisierung
Original:
copy initialization
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initializes an object from another object
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direkte Initialisierung
Original:
direct initialization
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bietet den Anfangswert oder die Liste der Konstruktor Argumente in Klammern
Original:
direkte Initialisierung
Original:
direct initialization
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provides the initial value or the list of constructor arguments, in parentheses
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aggregierten Initialisierung
Original:
aggregate initialization
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bietet Startwerte fr jedes Mitglied eines Arrays oder einer Struktur ohne Konstruktor
Original:
aggregierten Initialisierung
Original:
aggregate initialization
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provides initial values to every member of an array or a struct without a constructor
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Liste der Initialisierung
Original:
list initialization
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bietet eine beliebig lange Liste von Werten, die initialisieren kann ein std::vector oder std::map (seit C++11)
Original:
Liste der Initialisierung
Original:
list initialization
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provides an arbitrary long list of values, which can initialize a std::vector or std::map (seit C++11)
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konstanten Initialisierung
Original:
constant initialization
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initialisiert alle konstanten statischen Objekte, bevor irgendetwas anderes
Original:
konstanten Initialisierung
Original:
constant initialization
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initializes all constant static objects before anything else
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Referenz-Initialisierung
Original:
reference initialization
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bindet Referenzen auf Objekte und erweitern die Lebensdauer der Provisorien
Original:
Referenz-Initialisierung
Original:
reference initialization
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binds references to objects and extend the lifetimes of the temporaries
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Literale

Literale sind die Zeichen einer C++-Programm, das konstante Werte im Quellcode eingebettet stellen .

Integer-Literale
Original:
integer literals
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sind dezimal, oktal oder Hexadezimalzahlen vom Typ Integer .
Original:
Integer-Literale
Original:
integer literals
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are decimal, octal, or hexadecimal numbers of integer type.
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Zeichenliterale
Original:
character literals
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sind einzelne Zeichen vom Typ char, char16_t, char32_t oder wchar_t
Original:
Zeichenliterale
Original:
character literals
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are individual characters of type char, char16_t, char32_t, or wchar_t
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Fliekomma-Literale
Original:
floating-point literals
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sind Werte vom Typ float, double oder long double
Original:
Fliekomma-Literale
Original:
floating-point literals
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are values of type float, double, or long double
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Zeichenfolgenliterale
Original:
string literals
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sind Sequenzen von Zeichen, die schmale, Multibyte oder breit sein kann
Original:
Zeichenfolgenliterale
Original:
string literals
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are sequences of characters, which may be narrow, multibyte, or wide
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boolean Literale
Original:
boolean literals
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sind Werte vom Typ bool, die true und false ist
Original:
boolean Literale
Original:
boolean literals
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are values of type bool, that is true and false
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nullptr ist der Zeiger wrtliche, die eine Null-Zeiger-Wert (seit C++11) angibt
Original:
nullptr is the pointer literal which specifies a null pointer value (seit C++11)
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Literale Benutzer definiert werden
Original:
user-defined literals
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sind konstante Werte der vom Benutzer angegebenen Typs (seit C++11)
Original:
Literale Benutzer definiert werden
Original:
user-defined literals
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are constant values of user-specified type (seit C++11)
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Expressions

Ein Ausdruck ist eine Folge von Operatoren und Operanden, die eine Berechnung angibt. Ein Ausdruck kann in einem Wert fhren und kann Nebenwirkungen verursachen .

Wertkategorien
Original:
value categories
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(lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xWert) klassifizieren Ausdrcke durch ihre Werte
Original:
Wertkategorien
Original:
value categories
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(lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xvalue) classify expressions by their values
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Reihenfolge der Auswertung
Original:
order of evaluation
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von Argumenten und Teilausdrcke die Reihenfolge festlegen, in dem Zwischenergebnisse erhalten
Original:
Reihenfolge der Auswertung
Original:
order of evaluation
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of arguments and subexpressions specify the order in which intermediate results are obtained
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operators erlauben die Verwendung der Syntax in der Mathematik allgemein gefunden
Original:
operators allow the use of syntax commonly found in mathematics
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Common operators
Zuweisungen	incrementdecrement	Arithmetik	logisch	Vergleich	memberaccess	andererseits
`a = b a = rvalue a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b`	`++a --a a++ a--`	`+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b`	`!a a && b a \|\| b`	`a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b`	`a[b] a &a a->b a.b a->b a.*b`	`a(...) a, b (type) a ? :`
Special operators
static_cast wandelt einem Typ in einen anderen kompatiblen Typ Original: static_cast converts one type to another compatible type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. dynamic_cast wandelt virtuellen Basisklasse abgeleitet class Original: dynamic_cast converts virtual base class to derived class The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. const_cast wandelt Typ kompatiblen Typ mit unterschiedlichen cv qualifiers Original: const_cast converts type to compatible type with different cv qualifiers The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. reinterpret_cast wandelt Typ inkompatibel type Original: reinterpret_cast converts type to incompatible type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. new ordnet memory Original: new allocates memory The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. delete freigibt memory Original: delete deallocates memory The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. sizeof fragt die Gre eines type Original: sizeof queries the size of a type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. sizeof... fragt die Gre eines Parameter Pack (seit C++11) Original: sizeof... queries the size of a Parameter Pack (seit C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. typeid fragt die Typinformationen eines type Original: typeid queries the type information of a type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. noexcept prft, ob ein Ausdruck eine Ausnahme (seit C++11) werfen kann Original: noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (seit C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. alignof Abfragen Ausrichtungsanforderungen eines Typs (seit C++11) Original: alignof queries alignment requirements of a type (seit C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.

Operatorvorrang
Original:
operator precedence
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definiert die Reihenfolge, in der die Betreiber ihre Argumente gebunden sind
Original:
Operatorvorrang
Original:
operator precedence
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defines the order in which operators are bound to their arguments
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alternative Darstellungen
Original:
alternative representations
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sind alternative Schreibweisen fr einige Betreiber
Original:
alternative Darstellungen
Original:
alternative representations
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are alternative spellings for some operators
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Utilities

; Types

typedef Erklrungen
Original:
typedef declarations
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erstellen Synonyme fr Typen
Original:
typedef Erklrungen
Original:
typedef declarations
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create synonyms for types
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Geben Sie Alias-Deklarationen
Original:
type alias declarations
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erstellen Synonyme fr Typen
Original:
Geben Sie Alias-Deklarationen
Original:
type alias declarations
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create synonyms for types
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Attribute
Original:
attributes
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definieren zustzliche Informationen ber Variablen (seit C++11)
Original:
Attribute
Original:
attributes
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define additional information about variables (seit C++11)
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; Casts

Standard-Konvertierungen
Original:
standard conversions
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impliziten Konvertierungen von einem Typ in einen anderen
Original:
Standard-Konvertierungen
Original:
standard conversions
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implicit conversions from one type to another
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const_cast Konvertierung
Original:
const_cast conversion
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static_cast Konvertierung
Original:
static_cast conversion
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dynamic_cast Konvertierung
Original:
dynamic_cast conversion
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reinterpret_cast Konvertierung
Original:
reinterpret_cast conversion
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explizite Umwandlung
Original:
explicit cast
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Konvertierung mit C-Casts Notation und funktionale Notation
Original:
explizite Umwandlung
Original:
explicit cast
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conversion using C-style cast notation and functional notation
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, Speicherbelegung

neuen Ausdruck
Original:
new expression
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ordnet Speicher dynamisch
Original:
neuen Ausdruck
Original:
new expression
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allocates memory dynamically
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Lschen Ausdruck
Original:
delete expression
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freigibt Speicher dynamisch
Original:
Lschen Ausdruck
Original:
delete expression
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deallocates memory dynamically
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Klassen

Klassen stellen das Konzept der objektorientierten Programmierung in C++.

Klassendeklarationen
Original:
class declarations
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erklren Klassen
Original:
Klassendeklarationen
Original:
class declarations
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declare classes
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this Zeiger
Original:
this pointer
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Links auf die aktuelle Instanz einer Klasse in den Mitgliedslndern Methoden
Original:
this Zeiger
Original:
this pointer
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links to the current instance of a class in member methods
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Zugriff auf Planer
Original:
access specifiers
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bestimmen Sichtbarkeit der Teilnehmer
Original:
Zugriff auf Planer
Original:
access specifiers
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determine visibility of class members
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Freund Spezifizierer
Original:
friend specifier
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gewhrt Zugriffsrechte auf private / geschtzte Teile fr Nichtmitglieder Klassen oder Funktionen
Original:
Freund Spezifizierer
Original:
friend specifier
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grants access privileges to private/protected parts for non-member classes or functions
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Initialisierer Listen
Original:
initializer lists
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initialisieren Klasse Mitgliederdaten
Original:
Initialisierer Listen
Original:
initializer lists
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initialize class member data
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Class-spezifische Funktion Eigenschaften

virtuelle Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
virtual function specifier
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erklrt, dass eine Funktion virtuell ist
Original:
virtuelle Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
virtual function specifier
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declares that a function is virtual
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berschreibungsspezifizierer
Original:
override specifier
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erklrt, dass eine virtuelle Funktion eine andere virtuelle function.(seit C++11) berschreibt
Original:
berschreibungsspezifizierer
Original:
override specifier
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declares that a virtual function overrides another virtual function.(seit C++11)
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endgltigen Spezifizierer
Original:
final specifier
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erklrt, dass eine virtuelle Funktion kann nicht in einem Erben class.(seit C++11) berschrieben
Original:
endgltigen Spezifizierer
Original:
final specifier
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declares that a virtual function can not be overridden in a inheriting class.(seit C++11)
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explizite Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
explicit function specifier
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erklrt, dass ein Konstruktor oder Umwandlung Betreiber nicht in implizite Konvertierungen (seit C++11) verwendet werden
Original:
explizite Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
explicit function specifier
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declares that a constructor or conversion operator can not be used in implicit conversions (seit C++11)
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statische Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
static function specifier
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erklrt, dass eine Funktion nicht verwenden class Daten
Original:
statische Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
static function specifier
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declares that a function does not use class data
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cv-Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
cv function specifier
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erklrt, dass eine Member-Funktion kann nur auf cv qualifizierte Objekte verwendet werden
Original:
cv-Funktion Spezifizierer
Original:
cv function specifier
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declares that a member function can only be used on cv qualified objects
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Besondere Member-Funktionen

Standardkonstruktor
Original:
default constructor
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initialisiert das Objekt mit Standardeinstellungen Inhalte
Original:
Standardkonstruktor
Original:
default constructor
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initializes the object with default contents
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Copy-Konstruktor
Original:
copy constructor
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initialisiert das Objekt mit dem Inhalt eines anderen Objekts
Original:
Copy-Konstruktor
Original:
copy constructor
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initializes the object with the contents of another object
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bewegen Konstruktor
Original:
move constructor
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initialisiert das Objekt mit den Inhalten anderer, temporres Objekt, Minimierung Kopieren Overhead (seit C++11)
Original:
bewegen Konstruktor
Original:
move constructor
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initializes the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (seit C++11)
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Zuweisungsoperator
Original:
assignment operator
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ersetzt den Inhalt des Objekts mit dem Inhalt eines anderen Objekts
Original:
Zuweisungsoperator
Original:
assignment operator
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replaces the contents of the object with the contents of another object
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bewegen Zuweisungsoperator
Original:
move assignment operator
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ersetzt den Inhalt des Objekts mit dem Inhalt des anderen temporren Objekt minimiert Kopieren Overhead (seit C++11)
Original:
bewegen Zuweisungsoperator
Original:
move assignment operator
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replaces the contents of the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (seit C++11)
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Destruktor
Original:
destructor
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Versionen beansprucht Ressourcen
Original:
Destruktor
Original:
destructor
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releases claimed resources
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Templates

Ermglicht Funktionen und Klassen auf generische Typen zu betreiben

Klassen-Template Erklrung
Original:
class template declaration
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deklariert eine Klasse-Vorlage
Original:
Klassen-Template Erklrung
Original:
class template declaration
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declares a class template
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Funktions-Template Erklrung
Original:
function template declaration
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deklariert eine Funktion Vorlage
Original:
Funktions-Template Erklrung
Original:
function template declaration
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declares a function template
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Template-Spezialisierung
Original:
template specialization
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definiert eine bestehende Vorlage fr einen bestimmten Typ
Original:
Template-Spezialisierung
Original:
template specialization
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defines an existing template for a specific type
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Parameter Packs
Original:
parameter packs
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ermglicht die Verwendung von Listen von Typen in Vorlagen (seit C++11)
Original:
Parameter Packs
Original:
parameter packs
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allows the use of lists of types in templates (seit C++11)
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Optimierungen

Die Als-ob-Regel
Original:
The as-if rule
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ermglicht beliebigen Code Transformation, die sich nicht ndert den Ausgang
Original:
Die Als-ob-Regel
Original:
The as-if rule
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allows any code transformation that doesn't change the output
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Kopieren elision
Original:
Copy elision
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, einschlielich RVO und NRVO macht pass-by-value der bevorzugte Ansatz in vielen Situationen .
Original:
Kopieren elision
Original:
Copy elision
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, including RVO and NRVO, makes pass-by-value the preferred approach in many situations.
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Leerer Sockel Optimierung
Original:
Empty base optimization
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macht Mehrfachvererbung von Schnittstellen oder politischen Klassen Overhead-frei und wird fr Standard-Layout-Typen erforderlich .
Original:
Leerer Sockel Optimierung
Original:
Empty base optimization
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makes multiple inheritance from interfaces or policy classes overhead-free and is required for standard-layout types.
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Verschiedenes

Inline-Assembler
Original:
Inline assembly
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ermglicht die Verwendung von Assembler-Code neben C++-Code
Original:
Inline-Assembler
Original:
Inline assembly
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allows the use of assembly code alongside C++ code
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Lokalisierungen Bibliothek
Regulre Ausdrcke Bibliothek (C++11)
Atomare Operationen Bibliothek (C++11)
Thread Support-Bibliothek (C++11)

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