Error

try {
  throw new Error("!");
} catch (e) {
  alert(e.name + ": " + e.message);
}

try {
  foo.bar();
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof EvalError) {
    alert(e.name + ": " + e.message);
  } else if (e instanceof RangeError) {
    alert(e.name + ": " + e.message);
  }
  // ... etc
}

class CustomError extends Error {
  constructor(foo = "bar", ...params) {
    // Pass remaining arguments (including vendor specific ones) to parent constructor
    super(...params);

    // Maintains proper stack trace for where our error was thrown (only available on V8)
    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
      Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomError);
    }

    // Custom debugging information
    this.foo = foo;
    this.date = new Date();
  }
}

try {
  throw new CustomError("baz", "bazMessage");
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.foo); //baz
  console.log(e.message); //bazMessage
  console.log(e.stack); //stacktrace
}

function CustomError(foo, message, fileName, lineNumber) {
  var instance = new Error(message, fileName, lineNumber);
  instance.foo = foo;
  Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
  if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
    Error.captureStackTrace(instance, CustomError);
  }
  return instance;
}

CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
  constructor: {
    value: Error,
    enumerable: false,
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
  },
});

if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {
  Object.setPrototypeOf(CustomError, Error);
} else {
  CustomError.__proto__ = Error;
}

try {
  throw new CustomError("baz", "bazMessage");
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.foo); //baz
  console.log(e.message); //bazMessage
}