The Iterator protocol

var someArray = [1, 5, 7];
var someArrayEntries = someArray.entries();

someArrayEntries.toString(); // "[object Array Iterator]"
someArrayEntries === someArrayEntries[Symbol.iterator](); // true

var someString = "hi";
typeof someString[Symbol.iterator]; // "function"

var iterator = someString[Symbol.iterator]();
iterator + ""; // "[object String Iterator]"

iterator.next(); // { value: "h", done: false }
iterator.next(); // { value: "i", done: false }
iterator.next(); // { value: undefined, done: true }

[...someString]; // ["h", "i"]

var someString = new String("hi"); // need to construct a String object explicitly to avoid auto-boxing

someString[Symbol.iterator] = function () {
  return {
    // this is the iterator object, returning a single element, the string "bye"
    next: function () {
      if (this._first) {
        this._first = false;
        return { value: "bye", done: false };
      } else {
        return { done: true };
      }
    },
    _first: true,
  };
};

[...someString]; // ["bye"]
someString + ""; // "hi"

var myIterable = {};
myIterable[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
  yield 1;
  yield 2;
  yield 3;
};
[...myIterable]; // [1, 2, 3]

var myObj = {};
new Map([
  [1, "a"],
  [2, "b"],
  [3, "c"],
]).get(2); // "b"
new WeakMap([
  [{}, "a"],
  [myObj, "b"],
  [{}, "c"],
]).get(myObj); // "b"
new Set([1, 2, 3]).has(3); // true
new Set("123").has("2"); // true
new WeakSet(
  (function* () {
    yield {};
    yield myObj;
    yield {};
  })(),
).has(myObj); // true

for (let value of ["a", "b", "c"]) {
  console.log(value);
}
// "a"
// "b"
// "c"

[..."abc"]; // ["a", "b", "c"]

function* gen() {
  yield* ["a", "b", "c"];
}

gen().next()[(a, b, c)] = // { value:"a", done:false }
  new Set(["a", "b", "c"]);
a; // "a"

var nonWellFormedIterable = {}
nonWellFormedIterable[Symbol.iterator] = () => 1
[...nonWellFormedIterable] // TypeError: [] is not a function

var aGeneratorObject = function*(){
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
    yield 3;
}()
typeof aGeneratorObject.next
// "function", because it has a next method, so it's an iterator
typeof aGeneratorObject[Symbol.iterator]
// "function", because it has an @@iterator method, so it's an iterable
aGeneratorObject[Symbol.iterator]() === aGeneratorObject
// true, because its @@iterator method return its self (an iterator), so it's an well-formed iterable
[...aGeneratorObject]
// [1, 2, 3]

function makeIterator(array) {
  var nextIndex = 0;

  return {
    next: function () {
      return nextIndex < array.length
        ? { value: array[nextIndex++], done: false }
        : { done: true };
    },
  };
}

var it = makeIterator(["yo", "ya"]);

console.log(it.next().value); // 'yo'
console.log(it.next().value); // 'ya'
console.log(it.next().done); // true

function idMaker() {
  var index = 0;

  return {
    next: function () {
      return { value: index++, done: false };
    },
  };
}

var it = idMaker();

console.log(it.next().value); // '0'
console.log(it.next().value); // '1'
console.log(it.next().value); // '2'
// ...

function* makeSimpleGenerator(array) {
  var nextIndex = 0;

  while (nextIndex < array.length) {
    yield array[nextIndex++];
  }
}

var gen = makeSimpleGenerator(["yo", "ya"]);

console.log(gen.next().value); // 'yo'
console.log(gen.next().value); // 'ya'
console.log(gen.next().done); // true

function* idMaker() {
  var index = 0;
  while (true) yield index++;
}

var gen = idMaker();

console.log(gen.next().value); // '0'
console.log(gen.next().value); // '1'
console.log(gen.next().value); // '2'
// ...