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    <metanoindex/>

     
    C++
     
    Langage C++
    Sujets gnraux
    Contrle de flux
    Instructions conditionnelles
    Instructions d'itration
    Instructions de saut
    Fonctions
    dclaration de fonction
    expression lambda
    fonction gnrique
    spcificateur inline
    spcification d'exception (obsolte)
    spcificateur noexcept (C++11)
    Exceptions
    Espaces de noms
    Types
    spcificateur decltype (C++11)
    Qualificatifs
    qualificatifs const et volatile
    qualificatifs de stockage
    qualificatif constexpr (C++11)
    qualificatif auto (C++11)
    qualificatif alignas (C++11)
    Initialisation
    Littraux
    Expressions
    oprateurs alternatifs
    Utilitaires
    Types
    dclaration typedef
    dclaration d'alias de type (C++11)
    attributs (C++11)
    Jette
    Original:
    Casts
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    conversions implicites
    conversion const_cast
    conversion static_cast
    conversion dynamic_cast
    conversion reinterpret_cast
    conversions style C et style fonction
    Allocation de mmoire
    Classes
    Qualificatifs spcifiques aux membres de classe
    Fonctions membres spciales
    Modles
    classes gnriques
    fonctions gnriques
    spcialisation de modles
    paquets de paramtres (C++11)
    Divers
    Assembleur
     
    Quand une expression C + + (un oprateur avec ses arguments) est valu, il en rsulte une valeur d'un type non-rfrence. Chaque expression appartient exactement l'une des catgories de valeurs primaires .
    Original:
    When a C++ expression (an operator with its arguments) is evaluated, it results in a value of some non-reference type. Each expression belongs to exactly one of the primary value categories.
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    Catgories principales

    lvalue

    Une lvalue' est une expression qui identifie un objet non-temporaire ou une fonction non-membre .
    Original:
    An lvalue is an expression that identifies a non-temporary object or a non-member function.
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    Les expressions suivantes sont lvalues:
    Original:
    The following expressions are lvalues:
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    • Le nom d'un objet ou d'une fonction dans la porte, peu importe le type, comme std::cin ou std::endl. Mme si le type de l'objet est une rfrence rvalue, l'expression compose de son nom est une expression lvalue .
      Original:
      The name of an object or function in scope, regardless of type, such as std::cin or std::endl. Even if the object's type is rvalue reference, the expression consisting of its name is an lvalue expression.
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    • Appel de fonction ou de l'expression oprateur si le type de retour ou de la fonction de l'oprateur est une rfrence lvalue, comme std::getline(cin, str) ou cout << 1 ou ou ++n ou *p
      Original:
      Function call or operator expression if the function's or operator's return type is an lvalue reference, such as std::getline(cin, str) or cout << 1 or or ++n or *p
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    • Cast expression lvalue de rfrence type .
      Original:
      Cast expression to lvalue reference type.
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    • Expression d'appel de fonction si le type de retour de la fonction est la rfrence rvalue de type de fonction (rare)
      Original:
      Function call expression if the function's return type is rvalue reference to function type (rare)
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    • Cast expression rvalue rfrence la fonction .
      Original:
      Cast expression to rvalue reference to function.
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    Proprits:
    Original:
    Properties:
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    • Mme que glvalue (ci-dessous)
      Original:
      Same as glvalue (below)
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    • Adresse d'une lvalue peuvent tre prises: &++i et &std::endl sont des expressions valides .
      Original:
      Address of an lvalue may be taken: &++i and &std::endl are valid expressions.
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    • Une lvalue modifiable peut tre utilis comme le premier ( gauche) de l'argument de l'oprateur d'affectation intgr .
      Original:
      A modifiable lvalue may be used as the first (left) argument of the built-in assignment operator.
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    • Une lvalue peut tre utilis pour initialiser une rfrence lvalue, ce qui associe un nouveau nom avec l'objet identifi par l'expression .
      Original:
      An lvalue may be used to initialiser une rfrence lvalue; this associates a new name with the object identified by the expression.
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    rvalue / prvalue

    Un prvalue est une expression qui identifie un objet temporaire (ou un de ses sous-objet) ou est une valeur associe aucun objet .
    Original:
    A prvalue is an expression that identifies a temporary object (or a subobject thereof) or is a value not associated with any object.
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    Les expressions suivantes sont prvalues:
    Original:
    The following expressions are prvalues:
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    • Littrale, comme 42 ou true ou nullptr .
      Original:
      Literal, such as 42 or true or nullptr.
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    • Appel de fonction / expression oprateur si la fonction ou le type de retour de l'oprateur n'est pas une rfrence, comme str.substr(1, 2) ou 2+2
      Original:
      Function call/operator expression if the function's or the operator's return type is not a reference, such as str.substr(1, 2) or 2+2
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    • Cast expression un autre type que le type de rfrence .
      Original:
      Cast expression to any type other than reference type.
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    • Les expressions lambda, comme [](int x){return x*x;}
      Original:
      Lambda expressions, such as [](int x){return x*x;}
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    Proprits:
    Original:
    Properties:
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    • Mme que rvalue (ci-dessous)
      Original:
      Same as rvalue (below)
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    • un prvalue ne peut pas tre polymorphe: le type dynamique de l'objet qu'il identifie est toujours le type de l'expression .
      Original:
      a prvalue cannot be polymorphic: the dynamic type of the object it identifies is always the type of the expression.
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    • un prvalue non-classe ne peut pas tre qualifi const .
      Original:
      a non-class prvalue cannot be const-qualified.
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    xValue

    Un xValue est une expression qui identifie une "chance" objet, c'est l'objet qui peut tre dplac d'. L'objet identifi par une expression xValue peut tre temporaire sans nom, il peut tre un objet nomm dans la porte, ou tout autre type d'objet, mais s'il est utilis comme un argument de fonction, xValue toujours se lier la surcharge de rfrence rvalue si disponible .
    Original:
    An xvalue is an expression that identifies an "expiring" object, that is, the object that may be moved from. The object identified by an xvalue expression may be a nameless temporary, it may be a named object in scope, or any other kind of object, but if used as a function argument, xvalue will always bind to the rvalue reference overload if available.
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    Seules les expressions suivantes sont XValues:
    Original:
    Only the following expressions are xvalues:
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    • Une expression d'appel de la fonction, si le type de retour de la fonction est une rfrence rvalue de type d'objet, comme std::move(val)
      Original:
      A function call expression, if the function's return type is an rvalue reference to object type, such as std::move(val)
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    • Une expression de cast pour une rfrence rvalue de type d'objet, comme static_cast<T&&>(val) ou (T&&)val
      Original:
      A cast expression to an rvalue reference to object type, such as static_cast<T&&>(val) or (T&&)val
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    • une expression non statique classe lment d'accs, dans lequel l'objet est une expression xValue
      Original:
      a non-static class member access expression, in which the object expression is an xvalue
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    • Une expression pointeur de membre dans lequel le premier oprande est un xValue et le second oprande est un pointeur vers un membre de donnes .
      Original:
      A pointer-to-member expression in which the first operand is an xvalue and the second operand is a pointer to data member.
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    Proprits:
    Original:
    Properties:
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    • Mme que rvalue (ci-dessous)
      Original:
      Same as rvalue (below)
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    • Mme que glvalue (ci-dessous)
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      Same as glvalue (below)
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    Comme prvalues, XValues lier rvalue rfrences, mais contrairement prvalues, un xValue peut tre polymorphe, et un xValue non-classe peut tre cv-qualifi .
    Original:
    Like prvalues, xvalues bind to rvalue references, but unlike prvalues, an xvalue may be polymorphic, and a non-class xvalue may be cv-qualified.
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    Catgories confondues

    glvalue

    Un glvalue est une expression qui est soit une lvalue ou un xValue .
    Original:
    A glvalue is an expression that is either an lvalue or an xvalue.
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    Proprits:
    Original:
    Properties:
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    • Un glvalue peut tre implicitement converti en prvalue avec lvalue--rvalue, array--pointeur, ou de la fonction pointeur conversion implicite .
      Original:
      A glvalue may be implicitly converted to prvalue with lvalue-to-rvalue, array-to-pointer, or function-to-pointer conversion implicite.
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    • Un glvalue peut tre polymorphe: le type dynamique de l'objet qu'il identifie n'est pas ncessairement le type statique de l'expression .
      Original:
      A glvalue may be polymorphic: the dynamic type of the object it identifies is not necessarily the static type of the expression.
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    rvalue

    Une rvalue est une expression qui est soit un prvalue ou un xValue .
    Original:
    An rvalue is an expression that is either a prvalue or an xvalue.
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    Proprits (note, celles-ci s'appliquent la fois aux XValues et prvalues, ce qui signifie qu'elles s'appliquent la pr-C + 11 rvalues aussi)
    Original:
    Properties (note, these apply to both xvalues and prvalues, which means they apply to the pre-C++11 rvalues as well)
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    • Adresse d'un rvalue ne peuvent tre prises: &i++ et &42 et &std::move(val) ne sont pas valides .
      Original:
      Address of an rvalue may not be taken: &i++ and &42 and &std::move(val) are invalid.
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    • Une rvalue peuvent tre utiliss pour initialiser une rfrence const lvalue, auquel cas la dure de vie de l'objet identifi par le rvalue est prolong jusqu' la porte des extrmits de rfrence .
      Original:
      An rvalue may be used to initialiser une rfrence const lvalue, in which case the lifetime of the object identified by the rvalue is extended until the scope of the reference ends.
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    • Une rvalue peuvent tre utiliss pour initialiser une rfrence rvalue, auquel cas la dure de vie de l'objet identifi par le rvalue est prolong jusqu' la porte des extrmits de rfrence .
      Original:
      An rvalue may be used to initialiser une rfrence rvalue, in which case the lifetime of the object identified by the rvalue is extended until the scope of the reference ends.
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    • Lorsqu'il est utilis comme un argument de fonction et lorsque deux surcharges de la fonction sont disponibles, l'un prenant paramtre de rfrence rvalue et l'autre prise de rfrence lvalue au paramtre const, rvalues se lier la surcharge de rfrence rvalue (ainsi, si les deux constructeurs de copie et de dplacement sont disponibles, rvalue arguments invoquer la dplacer constructeur, et de mme avec copier et dplacer des oprateurs d'affectation) .
      Original:
      When used as a function argument and when two overloads of the function are available, one taking rvalue reference parameter and the other taking lvalue reference to const parameter, rvalues bind to the rvalue reference overload (thus, if both copy and move constructors are available, rvalue arguments invoke the dplacer constructeur, and likewise with copy and move assignment operators).
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    Catgories spciales

    Dans l'attente de l'appel de fonction membre

    Les expressions obj.*mfp et ptr->*mfp o mfp est un pointeur vers une fonction membre, sont classs comme des expressions prvalue, mais ils ne peuvent pas tre utiliss pour initialiser les rfrences, comme arguments de la fonction, ou pour n'importe quelle fin, sauf comme argument de gauche d'une fonction appelez expression, par exemple (pobj->*ptr)(args) .
    Original:
    The expressions obj.*mfp and ptr->*mfp where mfp is a pointer to member function, are classified as prvalue expressions, but they cannot be used to initialize references, as function arguments, or for any purpose at all, except as the left-hand argument of a function call expression, e.g. (pobj->*ptr)(args).
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    Annuler expressions

    Expressions d'appel de fonction retournant void, rabattre les expressions de void, et jetez-expressions sont classs comme des expressions prvalue, mais ils ne peuvent pas tre utiliss pour initialiser les rfrences ou comme arguments de la fonction. Ils peuvent tre utiliss dans un contexte jet valeur (par exemple, sur une ligne qui lui est propre, que l'argument de gauche de l'oprateur virgule, etc) et dans la dclaration return dans un void fonction retournant. En outre, jette-expressions (mais pas d'autres prvalues vides) peuvent tre utiliss en tant que deuxime et troisime oprandes de la oprateur conditionnel?: .
    Original:
    Function call expressions returning void, cast expressions to void, and throw-expressions are classified as prvalue expressions, but they cannot be used to initialize references or as function arguments. They can be used in a discarded-value context (e.g. on a line of its own, as the left argument of the comma operator, etc) and in the return statement in a function returning void. In addition, throw-expressions (but not other void prvalues) may be used as the second and the third operands of the oprateur conditionnel?:.
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