…isoformat()` (pythonGH-130962) (pythonGH-131076) (python#131086)

Fix the pure Python implementation of `fromisoformat()` to reject any
non-digit characters, including whitespace, in the fractional part
of time specification.  This makes the behavior consistent with the C
implementation, and prevents incorrect parsing of these fractions
(e.g. `.400 ` would be misinterpreted as `.04`).

(cherry picked from commit 33494b4)
(cherry picked from commit 27fd328)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>

…ocess.rst` (pythonGH-130994) (python#131075)

(cherry picked from commit 7cc99a5)

…pythonGH-130958) (python#131092)

The weak reference may not be immediately dead.
(cherry picked from commit 1908115)

Co-authored-by: Sam Gross <colesbury@gmail.com>

…1133) (python#131137)

pythongh-93096: Load doctests in `test_itertools` (pythonGH-131133)
(cherry picked from commit 15a8412)

Co-authored-by: donBarbos <donbarbos@proton.me>

…yCData (python#131188)

PyCData types have stgdict, so `PyObject_stgdict` can not return NULL.
Add an assert to make this clear.

… with msgfmt (pythonGH-130525) (pythonGH-131206)

Add also human-readable snapshots for tests.
(cherry picked from commit 7ea6e88)

Co-authored-by: Tomas R <tomas.roun8@gmail.com>

…0770) (python#131223)

pythongh-124269: Simplify `typing.Annotated` docs (pythonGH-130770)

---------
(cherry picked from commit e4ac196)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <89152624+StanFromIreland@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

…bjects (pythonGH-130817) (python#131224)

pythongh-130814: Enhance documentation for Python C API type objects (pythonGH-130817)

The "Type Objects" title in `c-api/typeobj.rst`, duplicating the title of `c-api/type.rst`,
has been changed to "Type Objects Structures", thereby slightly improving Sphinx
search.
(cherry picked from commit 6b932ed)

Co-authored-by: sharktide <meherrihaan@gmail.com>

…e asserts (pythonGH-131220) (python#131237)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

…nGH-131235) (python#131241)

pythongh-131234: Improve `test_popen` with more asserts (pythonGH-131235)
(cherry picked from commit fc07f86)

Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>

… font (pythonGH-131221) (python#131243)

(cherry picked from commit 7fd6160)

…`doctest` CLI (pythonGH-131034) (python#131321)

pythongh-130160: use `.. program::` directive for documenting `doctest` CLI (pythonGH-131034)
(cherry picked from commit 9558d22)

Co-authored-by: donBarbos <donbarbos@proton.me>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

…31328) (python#131329)

pythongh-131327: Document winsound.SND_APPLICATION (pythonGH-131328)
(cherry picked from commit bf4c1bf)

Co-authored-by: AN Long <aisk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

…`http.server` CLI (pythonGH-131010) (python#131294)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

…arn_explicit` (pythonGH-129848) (python#131350)

pythongh-129843: fix pure Python implementation of `warnings.warn_explicit` (pythonGH-129848)

The pure Python implementation of `warnings.warn_explicit` constructs a `WarningMessage`
with an incorrect source (it incorrectly sets the WarningMessage's line to the given `source`).
(cherry picked from commit 80e00ec)

Co-authored-by: Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy (తాటిపర్తి శ్రీనివాస్  రెడ్డి) <thatiparthysreenivas@gmail.com>

pythonGH-131340) (python#131344)

pythongh-131339: test PyBytes_Size for a zero-size bytes object (pythonGH-131340)
(cherry picked from commit 3ae67ba)

Co-authored-by: Nybblista <170842536+nybblista@users.noreply.github.com>

…` in `copy.rst` (pythonGH-109968) (python#130909)

(cherry picked from commit 0baf726)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>

…ythonGH-124386) (python#130549)

(cherry picked from commit 425587a)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>

…emsize (pythonGH-129850) (pythonGH-131078)

- Add alignment requirement
- Mention that ob_size is unreliable if you don't control it
- Add some links for context
- basicsize should include the base type in generaly not just PyObject
- suggest Py_SIZE & Py_SET_SIZE

This adds a “by-the-way” link to `PyObject_New`, which shouldn't be
used for GC types. In order to be comfortable linking to it, I also
add a link to `PyObject_GC_New` from its docs. And the same for
`*Var` variants, while I'm here.

(cherry picked from commit ad0f618)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>

…) (python#130840)

pythongh-130727: Retry test_wmi on TimeoutError (pythonGH-130832)

Use sleeping_retry() in test_wmi to retry multiple times on
TimeoutError. Wait up to LONG_TIMEOUT seconds (5 minutes by default).
(cherry picked from commit f67ff9e)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

… data after writing to transport (pythonGH-131376) (python#131378)

pythongh-131325: fix sendfile fallback implementation to drain data after writing to transport (pythonGH-131376)
(cherry picked from commit 94f4d87)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>

…ranches (python#131145) (python#131348)

pythongh-127667: refactor and improve `_hashopenssl.c` error branches (python#131145)

Refactor `_setException()` into different helpers that can be used separately:

- set_ssl_exception_from_errcode(): set an exception from an explicit SSL error code.
- raise_ssl_error(): set an exception from the last SSL error code or use a user-defined message.
- notify_ssl_error_occurred(): same as raise_ssl_error() but with a generic default message.

(cherry-picked from commit ac50ece).

…ython#131393)

pythongh-131094: Refine `math.isclose` docs (pythonGH-131139)
(cherry picked from commit 3f50f96)

Co-authored-by: Guy Jacoby <49398101+guyjacoby@users.noreply.github.com>

…xamples (pythonGH-130280) (python#131395)

pythongh-130132: properly free resources in `urrlib.urlopen` examples (pythonGH-130280)
(cherry picked from commit 77d2fd4)

Co-authored-by: Kanishk Pachauri <itskanishkp.py@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: sobolevn <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

…or generated fields (pythonGH-131006) (python#131386)

(cherry picked from commit f48887f)

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend@python.org>

…ythonGH-131368)

pythongh-116666: Add "token" glossary term (pythonGH-130888)

Add glossary entry for `token`, and link to it.
Avoid talking about tokens in the SyntaxError intro (errors.rst); at this point
tokenization is too much of a technical detail. (Even to an advanced reader,
the fact that a *single* token is highlighted isn't too relevant. Also, we don't
need to guarantee that it's a single token.)
(cherry picked from commit 30d5205)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

…honGH-131361)

[3.13] pythongh-131261: Update libexpat to 2.7.0 (CVE-2024-8176)

(cherry picked from commit bb0268f)
(cherry picked from commit 6af54d2)

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

…one environment variable at once (pythonGH-131280) (python#131410)

(cherry picked from commit 3185e31)

---------

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

…encoded-word (pythonGH-122754) (python#131404)

pythongh-121284: Fix email address header folding with parsed encoded-word (pythonGH-122754)

Email generators using email.policy.default may convert an RFC 2047
encoded-word to unencoded form during header refolding. In a structured
header, this could allow 'specials' chars outside a quoted-string,
leading to invalid address headers and enabling spoofing. This change
ensures a parsed encoded-word that contains specials is kept as an
encoded-word while the header is refolded.

[Better fix from @bitdancer.]

---------
(cherry picked from commit 295b53d)

Co-authored-by: Mike Edmunds <medmunds@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: R David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com>
Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>